INT - 31.07.1991 - Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)

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TREATY BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND
THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON
THE REDUCTION AND
LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS
The United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, hereinafter referred to as the Parties,
Conscious that nuclear war would have devastating consequences for all humanity, that it cannot be won and must never be fought,
Convinced that the measures for the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms and the other obligations set forth in this Treaty will help to reduce the risk of outbreak of nuclear war and strengthen international peace and security,
Recognizing that the interests of the Parties and the interests of international security require the strengthening of strategic stability,
Mindful of their undertakings with regard to strategic offensive arms in Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of July 1, 1968; Article XI of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems of May 26, 1972; and the Washington Summit Joint Statement of June 1, 1990, [ABA]
Have agreed as follows:




ARTICLE I


Each Party shall reduce and limit its strategic offensive arms in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, and shall carry out the other obligations set forth in this Treaty and its Annexes, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding.



ARTICLE II


1. Each Party shall reduce and limit its ICBMs and ICBM launchers, SLBMs and SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, ICBM warheads, SLBM warheads, and heavy bomber armaments, so that seven years after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter, the aggregate numbers, as counted in accordance with Article III of this Treaty, do not exceed:
(a) 1600, for deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers, deployed SLBMs and their associated launchers, and deployed heavy bombers, including 154 for deployed heavy ICBMs and their associated launchers; [RF MOU, Section II] [US MOU, Section II] [Agreed State 33]
(b) 6000, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers, [RF MOU, Section II] [US MOU, Section II] including: [Agreed State 33] [START II, Art. I,3]
(i) 4900, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs; [RF MOU, Section II][US MOU, Section II][START II, Art. I,4] [Agreed State 33]
(ii) 1100, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs on mobile launchers of ICBMs;[RF MOU, Section II]
(iii) 1540, for warheads attributed to deployed heavy ICBMs. [phased heavy reductions [RF MOU, Section II] ABA
2. Each Party shall implement the reductions pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article in three phases, so that its strategic offensive arms do not exceed:
(a) by the end of the first phase, that is, no later than 36 months after entry into force of this Treaty, and thereafter, the following aggregate numbers:
(i) 2100, for deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers, deployed SLBMs and their associated launchers, and deployed heavy bombers;
(ii) 9150, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers;
(iii) 8050, warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs;
(b) by the end of the second phase, that is, no later than 60 months after entry into force of this Treaty, and thereafter, the following aggregate numbers:
(i) 1900, for deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers, deployed SLBMs and their associated launchers, and deployed heavy bombers;
(ii) 7950, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers;
(iii) 6750, warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs;
(c) by the end of the third phase, that is, no later than 84 months after entry into force of this Treaty: the aggregate numbers provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article .ABA
3. Each Party shall limit the aggregate throw-weight [RF MOU, Section II] [US MOU Section II]of its deployed ICBMs [RF MOU, Section I] [US MOU Section I] and deployed SLBMs [RF MOU, Section I] [US MOU Section I] so that seven years after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter such aggregate throw-weight does not exceed 3600 metric tons. ABA [Throw-weight Limits/Provisions for Types of ICBMs and SLBMs]



ARTICLE III


1. For the purposes of counting toward the maximum aggregate limits provided for in subparagraphs 1(a), 2(a)(i), and 2(b)(i) of Article II of this Treaty:
(a) Each deployed ICBM and its associated launcher shall be counted as one unit; each deployed SLBM and its associated launcher; shall be counted as one unit.
(b) Each deployed heavy bombers shall be counted as one unit. ABA
2. For the purposes of counting deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers and deployed SLBMs and their associated launchers
(a) Each deployed launcher of ICBMs and each deployed launcher of SLBMs shall be considered to contain one deployed ICBM or one deployed SLBM, respectively. ABA
(b) If a deployed ICBM has been removed from its launcher and another missile has not been installed in that launcher, such an ICBM removed from its launcher and located at that ICBM base shall continue to be considered to be contained in that launcher. ABA
(c) If a deployed SLBM has been removed from its launcher and another missile has not been installed in that launcher, such an SLBM removed from its launcher shall be considered to be contained in that launcher. Such an SLBM removed from its launcher shall be located only at a facility at which non-deployed SLBMs may be located pursuant to subparagraph 9(a) of Article IV of this Treaty or be in movement to such a facility. ABA
3. For the purposes of this Treaty, including counting ICBMs and SLBMs:
(a) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported in stages, the first stage of an ICBM or SLBM of a particular type shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type. [US MOU Annex F][RF MOU, Annex F]
(b) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles without launch canisters, an assembled missile of a particular type shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type.[RF MOU, Annex F]
(c) For ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles in launch canisters, an assembled missile of a particular type, in its launch canister, shall be considered to be an ICBM of that type.[RF MOU, Annex F]
(d) Each launch canister shall be considered to contain an ICBM from the time it first leaves a facility at which an ICBM is installed in it until an ICBM has been launched from it or until an ICBM has been removed from it for elimination. A launch canisters shall not be considered to contain an ICBM if it contains a training model of a missile or has been placed on static display. Launch canisters for ICBMs of a particular type shall be distinguishable from launch canisters for ICBMs of a different type.
4. For the purposes of counting warheads:
(a) The number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of each existing type shall be the number specified in the Memorandum of Understanding [RF MOU, Section I] [US MOU, Section I]on the Establishment of the Data Base Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Memorandum of Understanding.
(b) The number of warheads that will be attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of a new type shall be the maximum number of reentry vehicles with which an ICBM or SLBM of that type has been flight-tested. The number of warheads that will be attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of a new type with a front section of an existing design with multiple reentry vehicles, or to an ICBM or SLBM of a new type with one reentry vehicle, shall be no less than the nearest integer that is smaller than the result of dividing 40 percent of the accountable throw-weight of the ICBM or SLBM by the weight of the lightest reentry vehicle flight-tested on an ICBM of SLBM of a new type. In the case of an ICBM or SLBM of a new type with a of warheads that will be attributed to an ICBM of SLBM of a new type with a front section of a fundamentally new design, the question of the applicability of the 40-percent rule to such an ICBM or SLBM shall be subject to agreement within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission. Until agreement has been reached regarding the rule that will apply to such an ICBM or SLBM, the number of warheads that will be attributed to such an ICBM or SLBM shall be the maximum number of reentry vehicles with which an ICBM or SLBM of that type has been flight-tested. The number of new types of ICBMs or SLBMs with a front section of a fundamentally new design shall not exceed two for each Party as long as this Treaty remains in force.[Agreed State 24]
(c) The number of reentry vehicles with which an ICBM or SLBM has been flight-tested shall be considered to be the sum of the number of reentry vehicles actually released during the flight test, plus the number of procedures for dispensing reentry vehicles performed during that same flight test when no reentry vehicle was released. A procedure for dispensing penetration aids shall not be considered to be a procedure for dispensing reentry vehicles, provided that the procedure for dispensing penetration aids differs from a procedure for dispensing reentry vehicles.
(d) Each reentry vehicle of an ICBM or SLBM shall be considered to be one warhead. [Agreed State 3]
(e) For the United States of America, each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, up to a total of 150 such heavy bombers, shall be attributed[MOU US Section I] with ten warheads. Each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs in excess of 150 such heavy bombers shall be attributed[MOU US Section I] with a number of warheads equal to the number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which it is actually equipped. The United States of America shall specify the heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs that are in excess of 150 such heavy bombers by number, type, variant, and the air bases at which they are based. The number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs in excess of 150 such heavy bombers is considered to be actually equipped shall be the maximum number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which a heavy bomber of the same type and variant is actually equipped.[category]
(f) For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, up to a total of 180 such heavy bombers, shall be attributed[MOU RF Section I] with eight warheads. Each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs in excess of 180 such heavy bombers shall be attributed with a number of warheads equal to the number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which it is actually equipped. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall specify the heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs that are in excess of 180 such heavy bombers by number, type, variant, and the air bases at which they are based. The number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs in excess of 180 such heavy bombers is considered to be actually equipped shall be the maximum number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which a heavy bomber of the same type and variant is actually equipped.[category]
(g) Each heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs[MOU US Annex G][MOU RF Annex G] shall be attributed[MOU US Section I] [MOU RF Section I] with one warhead. All heavy bombers not equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs shall be considered to be heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, with the exception of heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, test heavy bombers, and training heavy bombers. [category] [START II, Art. IV.1,2]
5. Each Party shall have the right to reduce the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs and SLBMs only of existing types, up to an aggregate number of 1250 at any one time.[START MOU, Section III][MOU RF Section III] [START II Art III. 2 (a)]
(a) Such aggregate number shall consist of the following:
(i) for the United States of America, the reduction in the number of warheads attributed to the type of ICBM designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as, Minuteman III, plus the reduction in the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs and SLBMs of no more than two other existing types; [START MOU, Section III]
(ii) for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, four multiplied by the number of deployed SLBMs designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RSM-50, which is known to the United States of America as SS-N-18, [MOU RF Section III]plus the reduction in the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs and SLBMs of no more than two other existing types.
(b) Reductions in the number of warheads attributed to Minuteman III shall be carried out subject to the following:
(i) Minuteman III to which different numbers of warheads are attributed shall not be deployed at the same ICBM base.
(ii) Any such reductions shall be carried out no later than seven years after entry into force of this Treaty.
(iii) The reentry vehicle platform of each Minuteman III to which a reduced number of warheads is attributed shall be destroyed and replaced by a new reentry vehicle platform. [START II Art III.2(d)]
(c) Reductions in the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs and SLBMs of types other than Minuteman III shall be carried out subject to the following:
(i) Such reductions shall not exceed 500 warheads at any one time for each Party. [START II Art III.2(b)]
(ii) After a Party has reduced the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs or SLBMs of two existing types, that Party shall not have the right to reduce the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs or SLBMs of any additional type.
(iii) The number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM shall be reduced by no more than four below the number attributed as of the date of signature of this Treaty. [START II Art III.2(c)]
(iv) ICBMs of the same type, but to which different numbers of warheads are attributed, shall not be deployed at the same ICBM base.
(v) SLBMs of the same type, but to which different numbers of warheads are attributed, shall not be deployed on submarines based at submarine bases adjacent to the waters of the same ocean.
(vi) If the number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of a particular type is reduced by more than two, the reentry vehicle platform of each ICBM or SLBM to which such a reduced number of warheads is attributed shall be destroyed and replaced by a new reentry vehicle platform. [START II Art III.2(d)]
(d) A Party shall not have the right to attribute to ICBMs of a new type a number of warheads greater than the smallest number of warheads attributed to any ICBM to which that Party has attributed a reduced number of warheads pursuant to subparagraph (c) of this paragraph. A Party shall not have the right to attribute to SLBMs of a new type a number of warheads greater than the smallest number of warheads attributed to any SLBM to which that Party has attributed a reduced number of warheads pursuant to subparagraph (c) of this paragraph.
6. Newly constructed strategic offensive arms shall begin to be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty as follows:
(a) an ICBM, when it first leaves a production facility;
(b) a mobile launcher of ICBMs, when it first leaves a production facility for mobile launchers of ICBMs;
(c) a silo launcher of ICBMs, when excavation for that launcher has been completed and the pouring of concrete for the silo has been completed, or 12 months after the excavation begins, whichever occurs earlier;
(d) for the purpose of counting a deployed ICBM and its associated launcher, a silo launchers of ICBMs shall be considered to contain a deployed ICBM when excavation for that launcher has been completed and the pouring of concrete for the silo has been completed, or 12 months after the excavation begins, whichever occurs earlier, and a mobile launcher of ICBMs shall be considered to contain a deployed ICBM when it arrives at a maintenance facility, [Def 19]except for the non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs provided for in subparagraph 2(b) of Article IV of this Treaty, or when it leaves an ICBM loading facility;
(e) an SLBM, when it first leaves a production facility;
(f) an SLBM launcher, when the submarine on which that launcher is installed is first launched;
(g) for the purpose of counting a deployed SLBM and its associated launcher, an SLBM launcher shall be considered to contain a deployed SLBM when the submarine on which that launcher is installed is first launched; [Def 18]
(h) a heavy bomber or former heavy bomber, when its airframe is first brought out of the shop, plant, or building in which components of a heavy bomber or former heavy bomber are assembled to produce complete airframes; or when its airframe is first brought out of the shop, plant, or building in which existing bomber airframes are converted to heavy bomber or former heavy bomber airframes. [Def 14] [Def 82 (d)] [Agreed State 12]
7. ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers that have been converted to launch an ICBM or SLBM, respectively, of a different type shall not be capable of launching an ICBM or SLBM of the previous type. Such converted launchers shall be considered to be launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs of that different type as follows:
(a) a silo launchers of ICBMs, when an ICBM of a different type or a training model of a missile of a different type is first installed in that launcher, or when the silo door is reinstalled, whichever occurs first; [Notocol IV.3]
(b) a mobile launcher of ICBMs, as agreed within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission;
(c) an SLBM launcher, when all launchers on the submarine on which that launcher is installed have been converted to launch an SLBM of that different type and that submarine begins sea trials, that is, when that submarine first operates under its own power away from the harbor or port in which the conversion of launchers was performed. [Notocol V.4]
8. Heavy bombers that have been converted into heavy bombers of a different category or into former heavy bombers shall be considered to be heavy bombers of that different category or former heavy bombers as follows:
(a) a heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs converted into a heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, when it is first brought out of the shop, plant, or building where it was equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs; [US MOU Annex G, (I), (II), (III) [RF MOU Annex G, (i), (ii)]
(b) a heavy bomber of one category converted into a heavy bomber of another category provided for in paragraph 9 of Section VI of the Protocol on Procedures Governing the Conversion or Elimination of the Items Subject to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Conversion or Elimination Protocol, or into a former heavy bomber, when the inspection conducted pursuant to paragraph 13 of Section VI of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol is completed or, if such an inspection is not conducted, when the 20-day period provided for in paragraph 13 of Section VI of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol expires.
9. For the purposes of this Treaty:
(a) A ballistic missile of a type developed and tested solely to intercept and counter objects not located on the surface of the Earth shall not be considered to be a ballistic missile to which the limitations provided for in this Treaty apply.
(b) If a ballistic missile has been flight-tested or deployed for weapon delivery, all ballistic missiles of that type shall be considered to be weapon-delivery vehicles.
(c) If a cruise missile has been flight-tested or deployed for weapon delivery, all cruise missiles of that type shall be considered to be weapon-delivery vehicles.
(d) If a launcher, other than a soft-site launcher, has contained an ICBM or SLBM of a particular type, it shall be considered to be a launcher of ICBMs or SLBMs of that type. If a launcher, other than a soft-site launcher, has been converted into a launcher of ICBMs or SLBMs of a different type, it shall be considered to be a launcher of ICBMs or SLBMs of the type for which it has been converted.
(e) If a heavy bomber is equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, all heavy bombers of that type shall be considered to be equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, except those that are not so equipped and are distinguishable from heavy bombers of the same type equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs. If long-range nuclear ALCMs have not been flight-tested from any heavy bomber of a particular type, no heavy bomber of that type shall be considered to be equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs. Within the same type, a heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, a heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, a heavy bomber equipped for non-nuclear armaments, a training heavy bomber, and a former heavy bomber shall be distinguishable from one another. [category][US MOU Annex G, (I), (II), (III)] [RF MOU Annex G, (i), (ii)]
(f) Any long-range ALCM of a type, any one of which has been initially flight-tested from a heavy bomber on or before December 31, 1988, shall be considered to be a long-range nuclear ALCM. Any long-range ALCM of a type, any one of which has been initially flight-tested from a heavy bomber after December 31, 1988, shall not be considered to be a long-range nuclear ALCM if it is a long-range non-nuclear ALCM and is distinguishable from long-range nuclear ALCMs. Long-range non-nuclear ALCMs not so distinguishable shall be considered to be long-range nuclear ALCMs. [TACIT RAINBOW] [TSSAM Statements]
(g) Mobile launchers of ICBMs of each new type of ICBM shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of existing types of ICBMs and from mobile launchers of ICBMs of other new type of ICBMs. Such new launchers, with their associated missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of existing types of ICBMs with their associated missiles installed, and from mobile launchers of ICBMs of other new types of ICBMs with their associated missiles installed. [RF MOU Annex F] [US MOU Annex F] [Agreed State 19]
(h) Mobile launchers of ICBMs converted into launchers of ICBMs of another type of ICBM shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of the previous type of ICBM. Such converted launchers, with their associated missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs of the previous type of ICBM with their associated missiles installed. Conversion of mobile launchers of ICBMs shall be carried out in accordance with procedures to be agreed within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission. [Agreed State 19]
10. As of the date of signature of this Treaty:
(a) Existing types of ICBMs and SLBMs are:
(i) for the United States of America, the types of missiles designated by the United States of America as Minuteman II, Minuteman III, Peacekeeper, Poseidon, Trident I, and Trident II, which are known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Minuteman II, Minuteman III, MX, Poseidon, Trident I, and Trident II, respectively; [US MOU Section I] [US MOU Annex F]
(ii) for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of missiles designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RS-10, RS-12, RS-16, RS-20, RS-18, RS-22, RS-12M, RSM-25, RSM-40, RSM-50, RSM-52, and RSM-54, which are known to the United States of America as SS-11, SS-13, SS-17, SS-18, SS-19, SS-24, SS-25, SS-N-6, SS-N-8, SS-N-18, SS-N-20, and SS-N-23, respectively. [RF MOU Section I] [RF MOU, Annex F] [RF MOU Annex I]
(b) Existing types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs are:
(i) for the United States of America, the type of missile designated by the United States of America as Peacekeeper, which is known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as MX; [US MOU Annex F]
(ii) for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of missiles designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RS-22 and RS-12M, which are known to the United States of America as SS-24 and SS-25, respectively. [RF MOU, Annex F]
(c) Former types of ICBMs and SLBMs are the types of missiles designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as, Minuteman I and Polaris A-3.
(d) Existing types of heavy bombers are:
(i) for the United States of America, the types of bombers designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as, B-52, B-1, and B-2; [US MOU Annex G]
(ii) for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of bombers designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Tu-95 and Tu-160, which are known to the United States of America as Bear and Blackjack, respectively. [RF MOU, Annex G] [Soviet TU-22M Declaration]
(e) Existing types of long-range nuclear ALCMs are:
(i) for the United States of America, the types of long-range nuclear ALCMs designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as, AGM-86B and AGM-129; [US MOU Annex H]
(ii) for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of long-range nuclear ALCMs designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RKV-500A and RKV-500B, which are known to the United States of America as AS-15 A and AS-15 B, respectively.[ RF MOU, Annex H] [Nuclear SLCM Policy Declarations]



ARTICLE IV


1. For ICBMs and SLBMs:
(a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of non-deployed ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than 250. Within this limit, the number of non-deployed ICBMs for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs shall not exceed 125.[RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV] [Agreed State 37]
(b) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed ICBMs at a maintenance facility of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than two ICBMs of each type specified for that ICBM base. Non-deployed ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs located at a maintenance facilityshall be stored separately from non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs located at that maintenance facility.
(c) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed ICBMs and sets of ICBM emplacement equipment at an ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs to no more than:
(i) two ICBMs of each type specified for that ICBM base and six sets of ICBM emplacement equipment for each type of ICBM specified for that ICBM base; or [RF MOU Annex A] [US MOU, Annex A]
(ii) four ICBMs of each type specified for that ICBM base and two sets of ICBM emplacement equipment for each type of ICBM specified for that ICBM base. [RF MOU Annex A] [US MOU, Annex A]
(d) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of ICBMs and SLBMs located at test ranges to no more than 35 during the seven-year period after entry into force of this Treaty. Thereafter, the aggregate number of ICBMs and SLBMs located at test ranges shall not exceed 25. [RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV] [Agreed State 37]
2. For ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers:
(a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than 110. Within this limit, the number of non-deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs shall not exceed 18. [RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV]
(b) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs located at the maintenance facility of each ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than two such ICBM launchers of each type of ICBM specified for that ICBM base. [RF MOU Annex A]
(c) Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs located at training facilities for ICBMs to no more than 40. Each such launcher may contain only a training model of a missile. Non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs that contain training models of missiles shall not be located outside a training facility.[RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV]
(d) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of test launchers to no more than 45 during the seven-year period after entry into force of this Treaty. Within this limit, the number of fixed test launchers shall not exceed 25, and the number of mobile test launchers shall not exceed 20. Thereafter, the aggregate number of test launchers shall not exceed 40. Within this limit, the number of fixed test launchers shall not exceed 20, and the number of mobile test launchers shall not exceed 20.[RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV] [Agreed State 37(h)]
(e) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of silo training launchers and mobile training launchers to no more than 60. ICBMs shall not be launched from training launchers. Each such launcher may contain only a training model of a missile. Mobile training launchers shall not be capable of launching ICBMs, and shall differ from mobile launchers of ICBMs and other road vehicles or railcars on the basis of differences that are observable by national technical means of verification. [Agreed State 13] [RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV]
3. For heavy bombers and former heavy bombers:
(a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, former heavy bombers, and training heavy bombers to no more than 75. [category] [RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV] [Agreed State 6] [Agreed State 12]
(b) Each Party shall limit the number of test heavy bombers to no more than 20. [category] [RF MOU, Section IV] [US MOU Section IV]
4. For ICBMs and SLBMs used for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space: [JCIC Joint State 21]
(a) Each Party shall limit the number of space launch facilities to no more than five, unless otherwise agreed. Space launch facilities shall not overlap ICBM bases.[RF MOU, Annex D ] [US MOU Annex D]
(b)Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers located at space launch facilities to no more than 20, unless otherwise agreed. Within this limit, the aggregate number of silo launchers of ICBMs and mobile launchers of ICBMs located at space launch facilities shall not exceed ten, unless otherwise agreed. [Agreed State 26][Agreed State 37(h)]
(c) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of ICBMs and SLBMs located at a space launch facility to no more than the number of ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers located at that facility.[Agreed State 37]
5. Each Party shall limit the number of transporter-loaders for ICBMs for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs located at each deployment area or test range to no more than two for each type of ICBM for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs that is attributed with one warhead and that is specified for that deployment area or test range, and shall limit the number of such transporter-loaders located outside deployment areas and test ranges to no more than six. The aggregate number of transporter-loaders for ICBMs for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs shall not exceed 30.[RF MOU, Section IV]
6. Each Party shall limit the number of ballistic missile submarines in dry dock within five kilometers of the boundary of each submarine base to no more than two.
7. For static displays and ground trainers:
(a) Each Party shall limit the number of ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers placed on static displays after signature of this Treaty to no more than 20, the number of ICBMs [RF MOU, Annex A] [US MOU, Annex A] [Uk MOU, Annex A] and SLBMs [RF MOU, Annex B] [US MOU, Annex B] placed on static display after signature of this Treaty to no more than 20, the number of launch canisters placed on static display after signature of this Treaty to no more than 20, and the number of heavy bombers and former heavy bombers placed on static display after signature of this Treaty to no more than 20. Such items placed on static display prior to signature of this Treaty shall be specified in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding, but shall not be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty.
(b) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of heavy bombers converted after signature of this Treaty for use as ground trainers and former heavy bombers converted after signature of this Treaty for use as ground trainers to no more than five. Such items converted prior to signature of this Treaty for use as ground trainers shall be specified in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding, but shall not be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty.
8. Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of storage facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs and repair facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs to no more than 50.
9. With respect to locational and related restrictions on strategic offensive arms:
(a) Each Party shall locate non-deployed ICBMs and non-deployed SLBMs only at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases; submarine bases; ICBM loading facilities; SLBM loading facilities; production facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; repair facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; storage facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; conversion or elimination facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; test ranges; or space launch facilities. Prototype ICBMs and prototype SLBMs, however, shall not be located at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases or at submarine bases. Non-deployed ICBMs and non-deployed SLBMs may also be in transit. Non-deployed ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs may also be transferred within an ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs. Non-deployed SLBMs that are located on missile tenders and storage cranes shall be considered to be located at the submarine base at which such missile tenders and storage cranes are specified as based. [Agreed State 37] [Agreed State 19]
(b) Each Party shall locate non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs only at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs, production facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, repair facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, storage facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, ICBM loading facilities, training facilities for ICBMs, conversion or elimination facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, test ranges, or space launch facilities. Mobile launchers of prototype ICBMs, however, shall not be located at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs. Non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs may also be in transit. [Agreed State 19]
(c) Each Party shall locate test launchers only at test ranges, except that rail-mobile test launchers may conduct movements for the purpose of testing outside a test range, provided that:
(i) each such movement is completed no later than 30 days after it begins;
(ii) each such movement begins and ends at the same test ranges and does not involve movement to any other facility;
(iii) movements of no more than six rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs are conducted in each calendar year; and
(iv) no more than one train containing no more than three rail-mobile test launchers is located outside test ranges at any one time.
(d) A deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile that relocates to a test range may, at the discretion of the testing Party, either continue to be counted toward the maximum aggregate limits provided for in Article II of this Treaty, or be counted as a mobile test launchers pursuant to paragraph 2(d) of this Article. If a deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile that relocates to a test range continues to be counted toward the maximum aggregate limits provided for in Article II of this Treaty, the period of time during which it continuously remains at a test range shall not exceed 45 days. The number of such deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles located at a test range at any one time shall not exceed three, and the number of such deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles located at a test range at any one time shall not exceed three.
(e) Each Party shall locate silo training launchers only at ICBM bases for silo launchers of ICBMs and training facilities for ICBMs. The number of silo training launchers located at each ICBM bases for silo launchers of ICBMs shall not exceed one for each type of ICBM specified for that ICBM base.
(f) Test heavy bombersshall be based only at heavy bomber flight test centers and at production facilities for heavy bombers. Training heavy bombers shall be based only at training facilities for heavy bombers.
10. Each Party shall locate solid rocket motors for first stages of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs only at locations where production and storage, or testing of such motors occurs and at production facilities for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs. Such solid rocket motors may also be moved between these locations. Solid rocket motors with nozzles attached for the first stages of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall only be located at production facilities for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs and at locations where testing of such solid rocket motors occurs. Locations where such solid rocket motors are permitted shall be specified in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding. [RF MOU, Annex I] [US MOU, Annex I] [Agreed State 28]
11. With respect to locational restrictions on facilities:
(a) Each Party shall locate production facilities for ICBMs of a particular type, repair facilities for ICBMs of a particular type, storage facilities for ICBMs of a particular type, ICBM loading facilities for ICBMs of a particular type, and conversion or elimination facilities for ICBMs of a particular type no less than 100 kilometers from any ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any ICBM base for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any deployment area for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any test range from which ICBMs of that type are flight-tested, any production facility for mobile launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any repair facility for mobile launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any storage facility for mobile launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, and any training facility for ICBMs at which non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs are located. New facilities at which non-deployed ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs of ICBMs of any type of ICBM may be located, and new storage facilities for ICBM emplacement equipment, shall be located no less than 100 kilometers from any ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs, except that existing storage facilities for intermediate-range missiles, located less than 100 kilometers from an ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs or from a test range, may be converted into storage facilities for ICBMs not specified for that ICBM base or that test range. [Agreed State 14]
(b) Each Party shall locate production facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs of a particular type of ICBM, repair facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs of a particular type of ICBM, and storage facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs of a particular type of ICBM no less than 100 kilometers from any ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM and any test range from which ICBMs of that type are flight-tested.
(c) Each Party shall locate test ranges and space launch facilities no less than 100 kilometers from any ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs, any ICBM base for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, and any deployment area.[Agreed State 26]
(d) Each Party shall locate training facilities for ICBMs no less than 100 kilometers from any test range.[Agreed State 15]
(e) Each Party shall locate storage areas for heavy bomber nuclear armaments no less than 100 kilometers from any air base for heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments and any training facility for heavy bombers. Each Party shall locate storage areas for long-range nuclear ALCMs no less than 100 kilometers from any air base for heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, any air base for heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, and any training facility for heavy bombers.
12. Each Party shall limit the duration of each transit to no more than 30 days.



ARTICLE V


< A>1. Except as prohibited by the provisions of this Treaty, modernization and replacement of strategic offensive arms may be carried out.
2. Each Party undertakes not to:
(a) produce, flight-test, or deploy heavy ICBMs of a new type, or increase the launch weight [RF MOU, Annex F] or throw-weight [RF MOU, Section I] of heavy ICBMs of an existing type;
(b) produce, flight-test, or deploy heavy SLBMs;
(c) produce test, or deploy mobile launchers of heavy ICBMs;
(d) produce, test, or deploy additional silo launchers of ICBMs of heavy ICBMs, except for silo launchers of heavy ICBMs that replace silo launchers of heavy ICBMs that have been eliminated in accordance with Section II of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol, provided that the limits provided for in Article II of this Treaty are not exceeded; [Agreed State 5]
(e) convert launchers that are not launchers of heavy ICBMs into launchers of heavy ICBMs;
(f) produce, test, or deploy launchers of heavy SLBMs;
(g) reduce the number of warheads attributed to a heavy ICBM of an existing type.
3. Each Party undertakes not to deploy ICBMs other than in silo launchers of ICBMs, on road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or on rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy ICBM launchers other than silo launchers of ICBMs, road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs.
4. Each Party undertakes not to deploy on a mobile launcher of ICBMs an ICBM of a type that was not specified as a type of ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section VII of the Protocol on Notifications Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Notification Protocol, unless it is an ICBM to which no more than one warhead is attributed and the Parties have agreed within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission to permit deployment of such ICBMs on mobile launchers of ICBMs. A new type of ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs may cease to be considered to be a type of ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs if no ICBM of that type has been contained on, or flight-tested from, a mobile launcher of ICBMs.
5. Each Party undertakes not to deploy ICBM launchers of a new type of ICBM and not to deploy SLBM launchers of a new type of SLBM if such launchers are capable of launching ICBMs or SLBMs, respectively, of other types. ICBM launchers of existing types of ICBMs and SLBM launchers of existing types of SLBMs shall be incapable, without conversion, of launching ICBMs or SLBMs, respectively, of other types. [Agreed State 16]
6. Each Party undertakes not to convert SLBMs into ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, or to load SLBMs on, or launch SLBMs from, mobile launchers of ICBMs.
7. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy transporter-loaders other than transporter-loaders for ICBMs for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs attributed with one warhead.
8. Each Party undertakes not to locate deployed silo launchers of ICBMs outside ICBM bases for silo launchers of ICBMs.
9. Each Party undertakes not to locate soft-site launchers except at test ranges and space launch facilities. All existing soft-site launchers not at test ranges or space launch facilities shall be eliminated in accordance with the procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol no later than 60 days after entry into force of this Treaty. [Agreed State 27]
10. Each Party undertakes not to:
(a) flight-test ICBMs or SLBMs of a retired or former type from other than test launchers specified for such use or launchers at space launch facilities. Except for soft-site launchers, test launchers specified for such use shall not be used to flight-test ICBMs or SLBMs of a type, any one of which is deployed; [III.10(c)]
(b) produce ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs of a retired type.
11. Each Party undertakes not to convert silos used as launch control centers into silo launchers of ICBMs. [Silo LCC Letters]
12. Each Party undertakes not to:
(a) produce, flight-test, or deploy an ICBM or SLBM with more than ten reentry vehicles;
(b) flight-test an ICBM or SLBM with a number of reentry vehicles greater than the number of warheads attributed to it, or, for an ICBM or SLBM of a retired type, with a number of reentry vehicles greater than the largest number of warheads that was attributed to any ICBM or SLBM of that type;
(c) deploy an ICBM or SLBM with a number of reentry vehicles greater than the number of warheads attributed to it;
(d) increase the number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of an existing or new type. [III.4(b)]
13. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy an ICBM or SLBM with a number of reentry vehicles greater than the number of warheads attributed to it.[Agreed State 3]
14. Each Party undertakes not to flight-test from space launch facilities ICBMs or SLBMs equipped with reentry vehicles.
15. Each Party undertakes not to use ICBMs or SLBMs for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space for purposes inconsistent with existing international obligations undertaken by the Parties.
16. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy systems for rapid reload and not to conduct rapid reload.
17. Each Party undertakes not to install SLBM launchers on submarines that were not originally constructed as ballistic missile submarines. [US MOU Annex I]
18. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy:
(a) ballistic missiles with a range in excess of 600 kilometers, or launchers of such missiles, for installation on waterborne vehicles, including free-floating launchers, other than submarines. This obligation shall not require changes in current ballistic missile storage, transport, loading, or unloading practices;[Agreed State 9] [Agreed State 30]
(b) launchers of ballistic or cruise missiles for emplacement on or for tethering to the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of internal waters and inland waters, or for emplacement in or for tethering to the subsoil thereof, or mobile launchers of such missiles that move only in contact with the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of internal waters and inland waters, or missiles for such launchers. This obligation shall apply to all areas of the ocean floor and the seabed, including the seabed zone referred to in Articles I and II of the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof of February 11, 1971;
(c) systems, including missiles, for placing nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction into Earth orbit or a fraction of an Earth orbit;
(d) air-to-surface ballistic missiles (ASBMs); [Agreed State 4] [Agreed State 30]
(e) long-range nuclear ALCMs armed with two or more nuclear weapons. [ALCMs with Multiple Weapons Letters]
19. Each Party undertakes not to:
(a) flight-test with nuclear armaments an aircraft that is not an airplane, but that has a range of 8000 kilometers or more; equip such an aircraft for nuclear armaments; or deploy such an aircraft with nuclear armaments;
(b) flight-test with nuclear armaments an airplane that was not initially constructed as a bomber, but that has a range of 8000 kilometers or more, or an integrated planform area in excess of 310 square meters; equip such an airplane for nuclear armaments; or deploy such an airplane with nuclear armaments;
(c) flight-test with long-range nuclear ALCMs an aircraft that is not an airplane, or an airplane that was not initially constructed as a bomber; equip such an aircraft or such an airplane for long-range nuclear ALCMs; or deploy such an aircraft or such an airplane with long-range nuclear ALCMs.
20. The United States of America undertakes not to equip existing or future heavy bombers for more than 20 long-range nuclear ALCMs. [US MOU Annex G]
21. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics undertakes not to equip existing or future heavy bombers for more than 16 long-range nuclear ALCMs. [RF MOU Annex G]
22. Each Party undertakes not to locate long-range nuclear ALCMs at air bases for heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, air bases for heavy bmbers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, air bases for former heavy bombers, or training facilities for heavy bombers. [US MOU Annex C] [RF MOU Annex C] [TSSAM Statements]
23. Each Party undertakes not to base heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, or heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments at air bases at which heavy bombers of either of the other two categories are based. [US MOU Annex C] [RF MOU Annex C]
24. Each Party undertakes not to convert:
(a) heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs into heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCM, if such heavy bombers were previously equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs;
(b) heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments into heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCM or into heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs;
(c) training heavy bombers into heavy bombers of another category;
(d) former heavy bombers into heavy bombers.
25. Each Party undertakes not to have underground facilities accessible to ballistic missile submarines. [Underground Submarine Facility Statements]
26. Each Party undertakes not to locate railcars at the site of a rail garrison that has been eliminated in accordance with Section IX of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol, unless such railcars have differences, observable by national technical means of verification, in length, width, or height from rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs or launch-associated railcars.
27. Each Party undertakes not to engage in any activities associated with strategic offensive arms at eliminated facilities, notification of the elimination of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol, unless notification of a new facility at the same location has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol. Strategic offensive arms and support equipment shall not be located at eliminated facilities except during their movement through such facilities and during visits of heavy bombers or former heavy bombers at such facilities. Missile tenders may be located at eliminated facilities only for purposes not associated with strategic offensive arms. [Statement on Launch-Associated/Driver Training Vehicles]
28. Each Party undertakes not to base strategic offensive arms subject to the limitations of this Treaty outside its national territory. [Agreed State 8][Agreed State 18] [3rd Country Basing Letter]
29. Each Party undertakes not to use naval vessels that were formerly declared as missile tenders to transport, store, or load SLBMs. Such naval vessels shall not be tied to a ballistic missile submarines for the purpose of supporting such a submarine if such a submarine is located within five kilometers of a submarine base.[US MOU Annex B]
30. Each Party undertakes not to remove from production facilities for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, solid rocket motors with attached nozzles for the first stages of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, except for:
(a) the removal of such motors as part of assembled first stages of ICBMs for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported in stages; [RF MOU Annex F] [US MOU Annex F]
(b) the removal of such motors as part of assembled ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles in launch canisters or without launch canisters; and[RF MOU Annex F] [US MOU Annex F] [Agreed State 28]
(c) the removal of such motors as part of assembled first stages of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles in launch canisters or without launch canisters, for the purpose of technical characteristics exhibitions. [RF MOU Annex F] [US MOU Annex F] [Agreed State 28]



ARTICLE VI


1. Deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles shall be based only in restricted areas. A restricted area shall not exceed five square kilometers in size and shall not overlap another restricted area. No more than ten deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may be based or located in a restricted area. A restricted area shall not contain deployed ICBMs for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs of more than one type of ICBM. [RF MOU Annex A] [Agreed State 19]
2. Each Party shall limit the number of fixed structures for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs within each restricted areas so that these structures shall not be capable of containing more road-mobile launchers of ICBMs than the number of road-mobile launchers of ICBMs specified for that restricted area. [RF MOU Annex A]
3. Each restricted area shall be located within a deployment area. A deployment area shall not exceed 125,000 square kilometers in size and shall not overlap another deployment area. A deployment area shall contain no more than one ICBM base for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs.[RF MOU Annex A]
4. Deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles shall be based only in rail garrisons. Each Party shall have no more than seven rail garrisons. No point on a portion of track located inside a rail garrison shall be more than 20 kilometers from any entrance/exit for that rail garrison. This distance shall be measured along the tracks. A rail garrison shall not overlap another rail garrison.[RF MOU Annex A]
5. Each rail garrison shall have no more than two rail entrances/exits. Each such entrance/exit shall have no more than two separate sets of tracks passing through it (a total of four rails).[RF MOU Annex A]
6. Each Party shall limit the number of parking sites in each rail garrison to no more than the number of trains of standard configuration specified for that rail garrison. Each rail garrison shall have no more than five parking sites.[RF MOU Annex A] [RF MOU Annex F]
7. Each Party shall limit the number of fixed structures for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs in each rail garrison to no more than the number of trains of standard configuration specified for that rail garrison. Each such structure shall contain no more than one train of standard configuration.[RF MOU Annex A] [RF MOU Annex F]
8. Each rail garrison shall contain no more than one maintenance facility. [RF MOU Annex A]
9. Deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may leave restricted areas or rail garrisons only for routine movements, relocations, or dispersals [XIII.1] [XIV.1]. Deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may leave deployment areas only for relocations or operational dispersals.
10. Relocations shall be completed within 25 days. No more than 15 percent of the total number of deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles or five such launchers and their associated missiles, whichever is greater, may be outside restricted areas at any one time for the purpose of relocation. No more than 20 percent of the total number of deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles or five such launchers and their associated missiles, whichever is greater, may be outside rail garrisons at any one time for the purpose of relocation.
11. No more than 50 percent of the total number of deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may be engaged in routine movements at any one time.[RF MOU Annex A]
12. All trains with deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles of a particular type shall be of one standard configuration. All such trains shall conform to that standard configuration except those taking part in routine movements, relocations, or dispersals, and except that portion of a train remaining within a rail garrisons after the other portion of such a train has departed for the maintenance facility associated with that rail garrison, has been relocated to another facility, or has departed the rail garrison for routine movement. Except for dispersals, notification of variations from standard configuration shall be provided in accordance with paragraphs 13, 14, and 15 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.[RF MOU Annex A] [RF MOU Annex F]



ARTICLE VII


1. Conversion and elimination of strategic offensive arms, fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs, and facilities shall be carried out pursuant to this Article and in accordance with procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. Conversion and elimination shall be verified by national technical means of verification and by inspection as provided for in Articles IX and XI of this Treaty; in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol; and in the Protocol on Inspections and Continuous Monitoring Activities Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Inspection Protocol.
2. ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, ICBM launchers, SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, former heavy bombers, and support equipment shall be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty until they have been eliminated, or otherwise cease to be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty, in accordance with procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. [Agreed State 11] [Agreed State 37] [Joint State Missile Production Technology]
3. ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs shall be subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty until they have been eliminated by rendering them inoperable, precluding their use for their original purpose, using procedures at the discretion of the Party possessing the ICBMs or SLBMs.
4.The elimination of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, mobile launchers of ICBMs, SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, and former heavy bombers [Agreed State 10]shall be carried out at conversion or elimination facilities, except as provided for in Sections VII and VIII of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. Fixed launchers of ICBMs and fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs subject to elimination shall be eliminated in situ. A launch canister [Launch Canister Letters] [Agreed State 20]remaining at a test range or ICBM base after the flight test of an ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall be eliminated in the open in situ, or at a conversion or elimination facility, in accordance with procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.[Agreed State 37]



ARTICLE VIII


1. A data base pertaining to the obligations under this Treaty is set forth in the Memorandum of Understanding, in which data with respect to items subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty are listed according to categories of data. [MOU, Annex J] [Joint State Data Updates] [Agreed State 37]
2. In order to ensure the fulfillment of its obligations with respect to this Treaty, each Party shall notify the other Party of changes in data, as provided for in subparagraph 3(a) of this Article, and shall also provide other notifications required by paragraph 3 of this Article, in accordance with the procedures provided for in paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 of this Article, the Notification Protocol, and the Inspection Protocol.
3. Each Party shall provide to the other Party, in accordance with the Notification Protocol, and, for subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, in accordance with Section III of the Inspection Protocol:[Agreed State 37]
(a) notifications concerning data with respect to items subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty, according to categories of data contained in the Memorandum of Understanding and other agreed categories of data;[Agreed State 21]
(b) notifications concerning movement of items subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty;
(c) notifications concerning data on ICBM and SLBM throw-weight in connection with the Protocol on ICBM and SLBM Throw-weight [MOU, Section I] Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Throw-weight Protocol;
(d) notifications concerning conversion or elimination of items subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty or elimination of facilities subject to this Treaty;
(e) notifications concerning cooperative measures to enhance the effectiveness of national technical means of verification;
(f) notifications concerning flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs and notifications concerning telemetric information; [Launch Notification Agreement]
(g) notifications concerning strategic offensive arms of new types and new kinds; [Agreed State 2]
(h) notifications concerning changes in the content of information provided pursuant to this paragraph, including the rescheduling of activities;
(i) notifications concerning inspections and continuous monitoring activities; and
(j) notifications concerning operational dispersals.
4. Each Party shall use the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers, which provide for continuous communication between the Parties, to provide and receive notifications in accordance with the Notification Protocol and the Inspection Protocol, unless otherwise provided for in this Treaty, and to acknowledge receipt of such notifications no later than one hour after receipt.
5. If a time is to be specified in a notification provided pursuant to this Article, that time shall be expressed in Greenwich Mean Time. If only a date is to be specified in a notification, that date shall be specified as the 24-hour period that corresponds to the date in local time, expressed in Greenwich Mean Time.
6. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, each Party shall have the right to release to the public all data current as of September 1, 1990, that are listed in the Memorandum of Understanding, as well as the photographs that are appended thereto. Geographic coordinates and site diagrams that are received pursuant to the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Exchange of Geographic Coordinates and Site Diagrams Relating to the Treaty of July 31, 1991, shall not be released to the public unless otherwise agreed. The Parties shall hold consultations on releasing to the public data and other information provided pursuant to this Article or received otherwise in fulfilling the obligations provided for in this Treaty. The provisions of this Article shall not affect the rights and obligations of the Parties with respect to the communication of such data and other information to those individuals who, because of their official responsibilities, require such data or other information to carry out activities related to the fulfillment of the obligations provided for in this Treaty. [Statements on Release to Public]
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ARTICLE IX


1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty, each Party shall use national technical means of verification at its disposal in a manner consistent with generally recognized principles of international law.
2. Each Party undertakes not to interfere with the national technical means of verification of the other Party operating in accordance with paragraph l of this Article.
3. Each Party undertakes not to use concealment measures that impede verification, by national technical means of verification, of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty. In this connection, the obligation not to use concealment measures includes the obligation not to use them at test ranges, including measures that result in the concealment of ICBMs, SLBMs, mobile launchers of ICBMs, or the association between ICBMs or SLBMs and their launchers during testing. The obligation not to use concealment measures shall not apply to cover or concealment practices at ICBM bases and deployment areas, or to the use of environmental shelters for strategic offensive arms.
4. To aid verification, each ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall have a unique identifier as provided for in the Inspection Protocol.



ARTICLE X


1. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test shall make on-board technical measurements and shall broadcast all telemetric information obtained from such measurements. The Party conducting the flight test shall determine which technical parameters are to be measured during such flight test, as well as the methods of processing and transmitting telemetric information.
2. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test undertakes not to engage in any activity that denies full access to telemetric information, including: [Statements on Encryption & Jamming]
(a) the use of encryption;
(b) the use of jamming;
(c) broadcasting telemetric information from an ICBM or SLBM using narrow directional beaming; and
(d) encapsulation of telemetric information, including the use of ejectable capsules or recoverable reentry vehicles..
3. During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test undertakes not to broadcast from a reentry vehicles. telemetric information that pertains to the functioning of the stages or the self-contained dispensing mechanism of the ICBM or SLBM.
4. After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test shall provide, in accordance with Section I of the Protocol on Telemetric Information Relating to the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Telemetry Protocol, tapes nthat contain a recording of all telemetric information that is broadcast during the flight test.
5. After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight test shall provide, in accordance with Section II of the Telemetry Protocol, data associated with the analysis of the telemetric information.[Agreed State 35]
6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, each Party shall have the right to encapsulate and encrypt on-board technical measurements during no more than a total of eleven flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs each year. Of these eleven flight tests each year, no more than four shall be flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs of each type, any missile of which has been flight-tested with a self-contained dispensing mechanism. Such encapsulation shall be carried out in accordance with Section I and paragraph 1 of Section III of the Telemetry Protocol, and such encryption shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section III of the Telemetry Protocol. Encapsulation and encryption that are carried out on the same flight test of an ICBM or SLBM shall count as two flight tests against the quotas specified in this paragraph.[Agreed State 31]



ARTICLE XI


1. For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty, each Party shall have the right to conduct inspections and continuous monitoring activities and shall conduct exhibitions pursuant to this Article and the Inspection Protocol. Inspections, continuous monitoring activities, and exhibitions shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures provided for in the Inspection Protocol and the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. [item of inspection] [size criteria][Agreed State 36]
2. Each Party shall have the right to conduct baseline data inspections at facilities to confirm the accuracy of data on the numbers and types of items specified for such facilities in the initial exchange of data provided in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section I of the Notification Protocol. [facility inspections at] [Agreed State 10]
3. Each Party shall have the right to conduct data update inspections at facilities to confirm the accuracy of data on the numbers and types of items specified for such facilities in the notifications and regular exchanges of updated data provided in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol.[facility inspections at] [Agreed State 10]
4. Each Party shall have the right to conduct new facility inspections to confirm the accuracy of data on the numbers and types of items specified in the notifications of new facilities provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol.[facility inspections at]
5. Each Party shall have the right to conduct suspect-site inspections to confirm that covert assembly of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs or covert assembly of first stages of such ICBMs is not occurring. [facility inspections at] [RF MOU Annex I] [US MOU Annex I] [Joint State on Site Diagrams]
6. Each Party shall have the right to conduct reentry vehicle inspections of deployed ICBMs and SLBMs to confirm that such ballistic missiles contain no more reentry vehicles than the number of warheads attributed to them.[facility inspections at][RF MOU Section I] [US MOU Section I]
7. Each Party shall have the right to conduct post-exercise dispersal inspections of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles to confirm that the number of mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles that are located at the inspected ICBM bases and those that have not returned to it after completion of the dispersal does not exceed the number specified for that ICBM base.
8. Each Party shall conduct or shall have the right to conduct conversion or elimination inspections to confirm the conversion or elimination of strategic offensive arms.
9. Each Party shall have the right to conduct close-out inspections to confirm that the elimination of facilities has been completed.
10. Each Party shall have the right to conduct formerly declared facility inspections to confirm that facilities, notification of the elimination of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol, are not being used for purposes inconsistent with this Treaty.
11. Each Party shall conduct technical characteristics exhibitions, and shall have the right during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections of an ICBM and an SLBM of each type, and each variant thereof, and of a mobile launcher of ICBMs and each version of such launcher for each type of ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that technical characteristics correspond to the data specified for these items. [RF MOU Annex F] [US MOU Annex F][Agreed State 25] [Early Exhibitions Agreement][Agreed State 28]
12. Each Party shall conduct distinguishability exhibitions for heavy bombers, former heavy bombers, and long-range nuclear ALCMs, and shall have the right during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections, of: [Agreed State 10]
(a) heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that the technical characteristics of each type and each variant of such heavy bombers correspond to the data specified for these items in Annex G to the Memorandum of Understanding; to demonstrate the maximum number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which a heavy bomber of each type and each variant is actually equipped; and to demonstrate that this number does not exceed the number provided for in paragraph 20 or21 of Article V of this Treaty, as applicable; [RF MOU Annex G] [US MOU Annex G]
(b) for each type of heavy bomber from any one of which a long-range nuclear ALCM has been flight-tested, heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, training heavy bombers, and former heavy bombers. If, for such a type of heavy bomber, there are no heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, a test heavy bomber from which a long-range nuclear ALCM has been flight-tested shall be exhibited. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to demonstrate to the inspecting Party that, for each exhibited type of heavy bomber, each variant of heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, each variant of heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, each variant of training heavy bombers, and a former heavy bomber are distinguishable from one another and from each variant of heavy bombers of the same type equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs; and [RF MOU Annex G] [US MOU Annex G]
(c) long-range nuclear ALCMs. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that the technical characteristics of each type and each variant of such long-range ALCMs correspond to the data specified for these items in Annex H to the Memorandum of Understanding. The further purpose of such exhibitions shall be to demonstrate differences, notification of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph 13, 14, or 15 of Section VII of the Notification Protocol, that make long-range non-nuclear ALCMs distinguishable from long-range nuclear ALCMs.[RF MOU Annex H] [US MOU Annex H]
13. Each Party shall conduct baseline exhibitions, and shall have the right during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections, of all heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs equipped for non-nuclear armaments, all training heavy bombers, and all former heavy bombers specified in the initial exchange of data provided in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section I of the Notification Protocol. The purpose of these exhibitions shall be to demonstrate to the inspecting Party that such airplanes satisfy the requirements for conversion in accordance with the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. After a long-range nuclear ALCM has been flight-tested from a heavy bomber of a type, from none of which a long-range nuclear ALCM had previously been flight-tested, the Party conducting the flight test shall conduct baseline exhibitions, and the other Party shall have the right during such exhibitions to conduct inspections, of 30 percent of the heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs of such type equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs at each air base specified for such heavy bombers. The purpose of these exhibitions shall be to demonstrate to the inspecting Party the presence of specified features that make each exhibited heavy bomber distinguishable from heavy bombers of the same type equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs.
14. Each Party shall have the right to conduct continuous monitoring activities at production facilities for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to confirm the number of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs produced.[Agreed State 22] [facilities] [Site Surveys Letters]



ARTICLE XII


1. To enhance the effectiveness of national technical means of verification, each Party shall, if the other Party makes a request in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section V of the Notification Protocol, carry out the following cooperative measures:
(a) a display in the open of the road-mobile launchers of ICBMs located within restricted areas specified by the requesting Party. The number of road-mobile launchers of ICBMs based at the restricted areas specified in each such request shall not exceed ten percent of the total number of deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs of the requested Party, and such launchers shall be contained within one ICBM base for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs. For each specified restricted area, the roofs of fixed structures for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs shall be open for the duration of a display. The road-mobile launchers of ICBMs located within the restricted area shall be displayed either located next to or moved halfway out of such fixed structures; [RF MOU Annex A]
(b) a display in the open of the rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs located at parking sites specified by the requesting Party. Such launchers shall be displayed by removing the entire train from its fixed structure and locating the train within the rail garrison. The number of rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs subject to display pursuant to each such request shall include all such launchers located at no more than eight parking sites, provided that no more than two parking sites may be requested within any one rail garrison in any one request. Requests concerning specific parking sites shall include the designation for each parking site as provided for in Annex A to the Memorandum of Understanding; and[RF MOU Annex A]
(c) a display in the open of all heavy bombers and former heavy bombers located within one air base specified by the requesting Party, except those heavy bombers and former heavy bombers that are not readily movable due to maintenance or operations. Such heavy bombers and former heavy bombers shall be displayed by removing the entire airplane from its fixed structure, if any, and locating the airplane within the air base. Those heavy bombers and former heavy bombers at the air base specified by the requesting Party that are not readily movable due to maintenance or operations shall be specified by the requested Party in a notification provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section V of the Notification Protocol. Such a notification shall be provided no later than 12 hours after the request for display has been made.
2. Road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, heavy bombers, and former heavy bombers subject to each request pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article shall be displayed in open view without using concealment measures. Each Party shall have the right to make seven such requests each year, but shall not request a display at any particular ICBM base for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, any particular parking site, or any particular air base more than two times each year. A Party shall have the right to request, in any single request, only a display of road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, a display of rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or a display of heavy bombers and former heavy bombers. A display shall begin no later than 12 hours after the request is made and shall continue until 18 hours have elapsed from the time that the request was made. If the requested Party cannot conduct a display due to circumstances brought about by force majeure, it shall provide notification to the requesting Party in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section V of the Notification Protocol, and the display shall be cancelled. In such a case, the number of requests to which the requesting Party is entitled shall not be reduced.
3. A request for cooperative measures shall not be made for a facility that has been designated for inspection until such an inspection has been completed and the inspectors have departed the facility. A facility for which cooperative measures have been requested shall not be designated for inspection until the cooperative measures have been completed or until notification has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section V of the Notification Protocol.



ARTICLE XIII


1. Each Party shall have the right to conduct exercise dispersal of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles from restricted areas or rail garrisons. Such an exercise dispersal may involve either road-mobile launchers of ICBMs or rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or both road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs. Exercise dispersals of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles shall be conducted as provided for below:
(a) An exercise dispersal shall be considered to have begun as of the date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 11 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(b) An exercise dispersal shall be considered to be completed as of the date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 12 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(c) Those ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 11 of Section II of the Notification Protocol shall be considered to be involved in an exercise dispersal.
(d) When an exercise dispersal begins, deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles engaged in a routine movement from a restricted area or rail garrison of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs that is involved in such a dispersal shall be considered to be part of the dispersal.
b(e) When an exercise dispersal begins, deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles engaged in a relocation from a restricted area or rail garrisons of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs that is involved in such a dispersal shall continue to be considered to be engaged in a relocation. Notification of the completion of the relocation shall be provided in accordance with paragraph 10 of Section II of the Notification Protocol, unless notification of the completion of the relocation was provided in accordance with paragraph 12 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(f) During an exercise dispersal, all deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles that depart a restricted area or rail garrison of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs involved in such a dispersal shall be considered to be part of the dispersal, except for such launchers and missiles that relocate to a facility outside their associated ICBM base during such a dispersal.
(g) An exercise dispersal shall be completed no later than 30 days after it begins.
(h) Exercise dispersals shall not be conducted:
(i) more than two times in any period of two calendar years;
(ii) during the entire period of time provided for baseline data inspections;
(iii) from a new ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs until a new facility inspection has been conducted or until the period of time provided for such an inspection has expired; or
(iv) from an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs that has been designated for a data update inspection or reentry vehicle inspection, until completion of such an inspection.
(i) If a notification of an exercise dispersal has been provided in accordance with paragraph 11 of Section II of the Notification Protocol, the other Party shall not have the right to designate for data update inspection or reentry vehicle inspection an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs involved in such a dispersal, or to request cooperative measures for such an ICBM base, until the completion of such a dispersal.
(j) When an exercise dispersal is completed, deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles involved in such a dispersal shall be located at their restricted areas or rail garrisons, except for those otherwise accounted for in accordance with paragraph 12 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
2. A major strategic exercise involving heavy bombers, about which a notification has been provided pursuant to the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Reciprocal Advance Notification of Major Strategic Exercises of September 23, 1989, shall be conducted as provided for below:
(a) Such exercise shall be considered to have begun as of the date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 16 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(b) Such exercise shall be considered to be completed as of the date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 17 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(c) The air bases for heavy bombers and air bases for former heavy bombers specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 16 of Section II of the Notification Protocol shall be considered to be involved in such exercise.
(d) Such exercise shall begin no more than one time in any calendar year, and shall be completed no later than 30 days after it begins.
(e) Such exercise shall not be conducted during the entire period of time provided for baseline data inspections.
(f) During such exercise by a Party, the other Party shall not have the right to conduct inspections of the air bases for heavy bombers and air bases for former heavy bombers involved in the exercise. The right to conduct inspections of such air bases shall resume three days after notification of the completion of a major strategic exercise involving heavy bombers has been provided in accordance with paragraph 17 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(g) Within the 30-day period following the receipt of the notification of the completion of such exercise, the receiving Party may make a request for cooperative measures to be carried out in accordance with subparagraph 1(c) of Article XII of this Treaty at one of the air bases involved in the exercise. Such a request shall not be counted toward the quota provided for in paragraph 2 of Article XII of this Treaty.




ARTICLE XIV


1. Each Party shall have the right to conduct operational dispersals of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles, ballistic missile submarines, and heavy bombers. There shall be no limit on the number and duration of operational dispersals, and there shall be no limit on the number of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles, ballistic missile submarines, or heavy bombers involved in such dispersals. When an operational dispersal begins, all strategic offensive arms of a Party shall be considered to be part of the dispersal. Operational dispersals shall be conducted as provided for below:[Agreed State 7]
(a) An operational dispersal shall be considered to have begun as of the date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section X of the Notification Protocol.
(b) An operational dispersal shall be considered to be completed as of the date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section X of the Notification Protocol.
2. During an operational dispersal each Party shall have the right to:
(a) suspend notifications that it would otherwise provide in accordance with the Notification Protocol except for notification of flight tests provided under the Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Notifications of Launches of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles and Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles of May 31, 1988; provided that, if any conversion or elimination processes are not suspended pursuant to subparagraph (d) of this paragraph, the relevant notifications shall be provided in accordance with Section IV of the Notification Protocol;
(b) suspend the right of the other Party to conduct inspections;
(c) suspend the right of the other Party to request cooperative measures; and
(d) suspend conversion and elimination processes for its strategic offensive arms. In such case, the number of converted and eliminated items shall correspond to the number that has actually been converted and eliminated as of the date and time of the beginning of the operational dispersal specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section X of the Notification Protocol.
3. Notifications suspended pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article shall resume no later than three days after notification of the completion of the operational dispersal has been provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section X of the Notification Protocol. The right to conduct inspections and to request cooperative measures suspended pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article shall resume four days after notification of the completion of the operational dispersal has been provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section X of the Notification Protocol. Inspections or cooperative measures being conducted at the time a Party provides notification that it suspends inspections or cooperative measures during an operational dispersal shall not count toward the appropriate annual quotas provided for by this Treaty.
4. When an operational dispersal is completed:
(a) All deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles shall be located within their deployment areas or shall be engaged in relocations .
(b) All deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles shall be located within their rail garrisons or shall be engaged in routine movements or relocations .
(c) All heavy bombers shall be located within national territory and shall have resumed normal operations. If it is necessary for heavy bombers to be located outside national territory for purposes not inconsistent with this Treaty, the Parties will immediately engage in diplomatic consultations so that appropriate assurances can be provided.
5. Within the 30 day period after the completion of an operational dispersal, the Party not conducting the operational dispersal shall have the right to make no more than two requests for cooperative measures, subject to the provisions of Article XII of this Treaty, for ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs or air bases. Such requests shall not count toward the quota of requests provided for in paragraph 2 of Article XII of this Treaty.



ARTICLE XV


To promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of this Treaty, the Parties hereby establish the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission. The Parties agree that, if either Party so requests, they shall meet within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission to: [Lisbon Protocol]
(a) resolve questions relating to compliance with the obligations assumed;
(b) agree upon such additional measures as may be necessary to improve the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty; and
(c) resolve questions related to the application of relevant provisions of this Treaty to a new kind of strategic offensive arm, after notification has been provided in accordance with paragraph 16 of Section VII of the Notification Protocol.



ARTICLE XVI


To ensure the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty, each Party shall not assume any international obligations or undertakings that would conflict with its provisions. The Parties shall hold consultations in accordance with Article XV of this Treaty in order to resolve any ambiguities that may arise in this regard. The Parties [Lisbon Protocol] agree that this provision does not apply to any patterns of cooperation, including obligations, in the area of strategic offensive arms, existing at the time of signature of this Treaty, between a Party and a third State. [Agreed State 1] [Soviet State on Non-Circumvention & Patterns of Coop]



ARTICLE XVII


1. This Treaty, including its Annexes, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding, all of which form integral parts thereof, shall be subject to ratification in accordance with the constitutional procedures of each Party. This Treaty shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification.
2. This Treaty shall remain in force for 15 years unless superseded earlier by a subsequent agreement on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms. No later than one year before the expiration of the 15-year period, the Parties shall meet to consider whether this Treaty will be extended. If the Parties so decide, this Treaty will be extended for a period of five years unless it is superseded before the expiration of that period by a subsequent agreement on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms. This Treaty shall be extended for successive five-year periods, if the Parties so decide, in accordance with the procedures governing the initial extension, and it shall remain in force for each agreed five-year period of extension unless it is superseded by a subsequent agreement on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.
3. Each Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to withdraw from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests. It shall give notice of its decision to the other Party six months prior to withdrawal from this Treaty. Such notice shall include a statement of the extraordinary events the notifying Party regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests.



ARTICLE XVIII


Each Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. Agreed amendments shall enter into force in accordance with the procedures governing entry into force of this Treaty.



ARTICLE XIX


This Treaty shall be registered pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.


Done at Moscow on July 31, 1991, in two copies, each in the English and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic.


FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: George Bush


President of the United States of America



FOR THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS: M. Gorbachev


President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics


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DEFINITIONS ANNEX
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS


This Annex contains definitions of terms that are used in the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, and its Annexes, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding. They are arranged in alphabetical order and can be accessed using the "find" button in the "edit" pull-down menu.


For the purposes of the Treaty and its Annexes, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding:


1. (1) The term "air base" means a facility, other than a production facility for heavy bombers, a heavy bomber flight test center, or a training facility for heavy bombers, at which heavy bombers or former heavy bombers are based and their operation is supported.


2. (35) The term "aircraft" means any manned machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from interaction with the air other than the interaction of the air with the Earth's surface.


3. (118) The term "aircrew member" means an individual who performs duties related to the operation of an airplane and who is included on the inspecting Party's list of aircrew members in accordance with the provisions of Section II of the Inspection Protocol.


4. (34) The term "air-launched cruise missile (ALCM)" means an air-to-surface cruise missile of a type, any one of which has been flight-tested from an aircraft or deployed on a bomber after December 31, 1986.


5. (95) The term "airplane" means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that derives its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces that remain fixed under given conditions of flight.


6. (6) The term "air-to-surface ballistic missile (ASBM)" means a ballistic missile with a range in excess of 600 kilometers that is installed in an aircraft or on its external mountings for the purpose of being launched from this aircraft.


7. (5) The term "ballistic missile" means a missile that is a weapon-delivery vehicle that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight path.


8. (10) The term "bomber" means an airplane of a type, any one of which was initially constructed or later converted to be equipped for bombs or air-to-surface missiles.


9. (30) The term "category" means, for heavy bombers, one of the following classifications based on the kind of armament for which they are equipped or on their purpose: heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, heavy bomber equipped for non-nuclear armaments, test heavy bomber, or training heavy bomber.


10. (53) The term "continuous monitoring" means carrying out procedures in accordance with the Inspection Protocol that involve inspection of containers, launch canisters, and vehicles leaving a monitored facility.


11. (21) The term "continuous monitoring activities" means activities conducted pursuant to paragraph 14 of Article XI of the Treaty , which, in accordance with the Inspection Protocol, include conducting an engineering site survey; establishing, operating, and maintaining a perimeter and portal continuous monitoring system; and conducting continuous monitoring.


12. (46) The term "conversion or elimination facility" means:


(a) for ICBMs or SLBMs, a specified facility for the elimination of ICBMs, SLBMs, launch canisters that remain after flight tests of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, or ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs or first stages of such ICBMs that remain after static testing;


(b) for mobile launchers of ICBMs, a specified facility for the elimination of mobile launchers of ICBMs;


(c) for SLBM launches, a specified facility for the conversion or elimination of SLBM launchers;


(d) for heavy bombers or former heavy bombers, a specified facility for the conversion of heavy bombers, or the elimination of heavy bombers or former heavy bombers.


13. (33) The term "cruise missile" means a missile that is an unmanned, self-propelled weapon-delivery vehicle that sustains flight through the use of aerodynamic lift over most of its flight path.


14. (91) The term "deployed heavy bomber" means any heavy bomber other than


a test heavy bomber, a training heavy bomber, or a heavy bomber equipped for non-nuclear armaments.


15. (86) The term "deployed ICBM" means an ICBM that is contained, or is considered to be contained, in a deployed launcher of ICBMs.


16. (87) The term "deployed ICBM and its associated launcher" means a deployed ICBM and the deployed launcher of ICBMs that contains, or is considered to contain, the deployed ICBM.


17. (90) The term "deployed launcher of ICBMs" means:


(a) any silo launcher of ICBMs other than a silo test launcher, a silo training launcher, or a silo launcher located at a space launch facility; or


(b) any deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs.


18. (89) The term "deployed launcher of SLBMs" means any SLBM launcher installed on a submarine that has been launched, unless otherwise provided for in the Treaty.


19. (88) The term "deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs" means any mobile launcher of ICBMs, other than a mobile test launcher or a mobile launcher of ICBMs at a space launch facility, that contains, or is considered to contain, an ICBM.


20. (84) The term "deployed SLBM" means an SLBM that is contained, or is considered to be contained, in a deployed launcher of SLBMs.


21. (85) The term "deployed SLBM and its associated launcher" means a deployed SLBM and the deployed launcher of SLBMs that contains, or is considered to contain, the deployed SLBM.


22. (94) The term "deployment area" means an area, limited in size, within which routine movements and exercise dispersals of deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles are conducted.


23. (68) The term "distinguishable" means different on the basis of the totality of functional and external differences that are observable by national technical means of verification, or, when such observations may be inconclusive in the opinion of the inspecting Party, that are visible during inspection.


24. (13) The term "each year" means during a period of 12 months commencing on the date of entry into force of the Treaty or on an anniversary of that date.


25. (29) The term "encapsulation" means, for telemetric information, recording and not broadcasting such information during the flight test of a missile, and recovering it subsequently.



26. (122) The term "encryption" means, for telemetric information, the reversible transformation of such information that gives it a random character to prevent unauthorized access to such information.


27. (60) The term"facility" means an ICBM base, submarine base, air base, rail garrison, maintenance facility, restricted area, parking site, silo launcher group, ICBM loading facility, SLBM loading facility, production facility, repair facility, storage facility, training facility, conversion or elimination facility, test range, heavy bomber flight test center, space launch facility, or static display site.


28. (63) The term "facility subject to continuous monitoring" means a facility at which continuous monitoring activities are permitted but continuous monitoring has not yet commenced.


29. (105) The term "fixed structure for mobile launchers of ICBMs" means a fixed structure for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs or a fixed structure for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs.


30. (104) The term "fixed structure for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs" means a unique structure at a parking site for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs that can contain a train of standard configuration with rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs.


31. (103) The term "fixed structure for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs" means a unique structure, within a restricted area, that can contain road-mobile launchers of ICBMs.


32. (36) The term "flight test" means, for a missile, the launch and subsequent flight of a missile.


33. (12) The term "former heavy bomber" means a reconnaissance airplane, tanker airplane, or jamming airplane that is not equipped for nuclear armaments or non-nuclear air-to-surface armaments and: [Agreed State 17]


(a) that was initially constructed on the basis of the airframe of an existing type of heavy bombers and satisfies the requirements for conversion in accordance with the Conversion or Elimination Protocol; or


(b) that has been converted from a heavy bombers in accordance with procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol, or in such a way that it satisfies the requirements for conversion in accordance with the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. [Agreed State 6] [Agreed State 12]


34. (11) The term "former type" means, for ICBMs or SLBMs, a type of existing ICBM or SLBM, any one of which had been deployed prior to entry into force of the Treaty, but none of which was deployed when the Treaty entered into force and none of which are currently deployed.


35. (17) The term "front section" means that portion of the payload of the final stage that contains the reentry vehicle or reentry vehicles and may, depending on design, include a reentry vehicle platform, penetration aids, and a shroud.


36. (112) The term "heavy bomber" means a bomber of a type, any one of which satisfies either of the following criteria:


(a) its range is greater than 8000 kilometers; or


(b) it is equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs.


A bomber shall not be considered to be a heavy bomber if it meets neither criterion (a) nor criterion (b), or if otherwise agreed.


A bomber shall not be considered to be a heavy bomber if it is not equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, if it is not a model or modification of an accountable heavy bomber, and if it is tested, equipped, and configured exclusively for maritime operations. For the purposes of this definition, the term "modification of an accountable heavy bomber" is understood to mean an airplane having a design essentially identical to the design of an accountable heavy bomber.


A bomber of a type, any one of which has an integrated platform area in excess of 310 square meters, but that is not declared by a Party as a heavy bomber, shall be considered to be a heavy bomber unless the deploying Party provides the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission with information demonstrating to the satisfaction of the other Party that this bomber does not meet the criterion provided for in subparagraph (a) and does not meet the criterion provided for in subparagraph (b).


Heavy bombers of the Parties of the types existing as of the date of signature of the Treaty are specified in Article III of the Treaty.


37. (113) The term "heavy bomber equipped for non-nuclear armaments" means a non-modern heavy bomber that is equipped only for non-nuclear armaments, and that satisfies the requirements for conversion in accordance with the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.


38. (117) The term "heavy bomber flight test center" means a facility, other than a production facility for heavy bombers, at which test heavy bombers are based and their operation is supported.


39. (111) The term "heavy ICBM" means an ICBM of a type, any one of which has a launch weight greater than 106,000 kilograms or a throw-weight greater than 4350 kilograms.


40. (110) The term "heavy SLBM" means an SLBM of a type, any one of which has a launch weight greater than 106,000 kilograms or a throw-weight greater than 4350 kilograms.


41. (3) The term "ICBM base" means:


(a) for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, an area in which a rail garrison and one associated maintenance facility are located. Such a maintenance facility may be located either within or outside the rail garrison;


(b) for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, an area in which one or more restricted areas and one associated maintenance facility are located;


(c) for silo launchers of ICBMs, an area in which one or more groups of silo launchers of ICBMs and one associated maintenance facility are located.


42. (115) The term "ICBM emplacement equipment" means equipment used to install an ICBM into a silo launchers of ICBMs.


43. (38) The term "ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs" means an ICBM of a type, any one of which has been contained on, or flight-tested from, a mobile launcher of ICBMs, or has been declared an ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs.


44. (79) The term "ICBM launcher" means a device intended or used to contain, prepare for launch, and launch an ICBM.


45. (42) The term "ICBM loading facility" means a facility, outside an ICBM base and outside a test range, where ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs are loaded onto or unloaded from mobile launchers of ICBMs.


46. (39) The term "ICBM or SLBM the final stage of which executes a procedure for dispensing reentry vehicles" means an ICBM or SLBM of a type, any one of which has been flight-tested with more than one reentry vehicle and has executed a procedure for dispensing reentry vehicles during that flight test using a final stage engine; or an ICBM or SLBM that has released during a flight test of that missile a reentry vehicle or a penetration aid prior to termination of main engine thrust of the final stage and is an ICBM or SLBM of a type, any one of which has been flight-tested with more than one reentry vehicle.


47. (37) The term "in-country escort" means a group of individuals designated by the inspected Party to accompany and assist inspectors, monitors, and aircrew members throughout the in-country period, as provided for in the Inspection Protocol.


48. (71) The term "in-country period" means the period of time from the arrival of the inspection team, monitors, or aircrew members at the point of entry until their departure from the country through the point of entry.


49. (24) The term "inspected Party" means the Party to the Treaty whose facilities and locations are subject to inspection or continuous monitoring pursuant to Article XI of the Treaty.


50. (25) The term "inspecting Party" means the Party to the Treaty that conducts inspections or continuous monitoring activities.


51. (44) The term "inspection site" means a facility or location at which inspections may be conducted in accordance with the Inspection Protocol.


52. (27) The term "inspection team" means the group of inspectors assigned by the inspecting Party to conduct a particular inspection.


53. (26) The term "inspector" means an individual specified by one of the Parties to conduct inspections and included on that Party's list of inspectors.


54. (40) The term "intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)" means a land-based ballistic missile with a range in excess of 5,500 kilometers.


55. (16) The term "jamming" means, for telemetric information broadcast from a missile, creating interference on frequencies used for broadcasting such information.


56. (96) The term "launch-associated railcar" means a railcar that is directly associated with a rail-mobile launcher of ICBMs and that together with it provides for the preparation for launch and launch of a missile.


57. (83) The term "launch canister" means a container, directly associated with an ICBM, that can be or has been used for transporting and storing an assembled ICBM, with or without its front section, and from which an ICBM can be or has been launched.


58. (102) The term "launch weight" means the maximum weight of a fully loaded ICBM or SLBM at the time of first stage ignition, demonstrated during flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs of that type.


59. (32) The term "long-range ALCM" means an ALCM with a range in excess of 600 kilometers.


60. (58) The term "long-range non-nuclear ALCM" means a long-range ALCM that is not nuclear-armed.


61. (123) The term "long-range nuclear ALCM" means a long-range ALCM that is nuclear-armed.


62. (61) The term "maintenance facility" means a facility that is part of an ICBM base and at which ICBMs and ICBM launchers are maintained and their operation is supported.


63. (72) The term "missile tender" means a naval ship that is used for storing, transporting, and loading SLBMs into SLBM launches.


64. (49) The term "mobile launcher of ICBMs" means a road-mobile launcher of ICBMs or a rail-mobile launcher of ICBMs.


65. (50) The term "mobile training launcher" means a full-scale model of a mobile launcher of ICBMs that is not capable of launching an ICBM.


66. (52) The term "monitor" means an individual specified by one of the Parties to conduct continuous monitoring activities and included on that Party's list of monitors.


67. (51) The term "monitored facility" means a facility at which continuous monitoring has commenced.


68. (19) The term "monitoring team" means the group of monitors specified by the inspecting Party to conduct continuous monitoring activities .


69. (59) The term "new type" means, for ICBMs or SLBMs, a type of ICBM or SLBM, the technical characteristics of which differ from those of an ICBM or SLBM, respectively, of each type declared previously in at least one of the following respects:


(a) number of stages;


(b) type of propellant of any stage;


(c) launch weight, by ten percent or more;


(d) length of either the assembled missile without front section, or length of the first stage, by ten percent or more; [RF MOU Annex F] [US MOU Annex F]


(e) diameter of the first stage, by five percent or more; or


(f) throw-weight, by an increase of 21 percent or more [Throw-weight Protocol, I.5] [Agreed State 34], in conjunction with


a change in the length of the first stage by five percent or more.


70. (55) The term "non-deployed ICBM" means an ICBM not contained, and not considered to be contained, in a deployed launcher of ICBMs.


71. (56) The term "non-deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs" means a mobile test launcher, or a mobile launcher of ICBMs at a space launch facility, or a mobile launcher of ICBMs that does not contain, and that is not considered to contain, an ICBM.


72. (54) The term "non-deployed SLBM" means an SLBM not contained, and not considered to be contained, in a deployed launcher of SLBMs.


73. (57) The term "non-modern heavy bomber" means a heavy bomber of a type, any one of which was initially based at an air base more than ten years earlier.


74. (124) The term "nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs" means, for heavy bombers, nuclear air-to-surface missiles with a range of less than 600 kilometers and nuclear bombs.


75. (77) The term "parking site" means a location, within a rail garrison, at which deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs are based and fixed structures for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs may be located.


76. (73) The term "payload" means, for a stage, all that separates from that stage, excluding the front section shroud and the propellant burned by that stage, beginning at the time when the velocity of the final stage is equal to 1,000 meters per second less than its velocity at the time of termination of main engine thrust of the final stage or at the time of the first release of a reentry vehicle or penetration aid, whichever occurs earlier.


77. (97) The term "perimeter and portal continuous monitoring system" means the physical barriers, buildings, and equipment along the perimeter, at the portal, and at the other exits of a monitored facility, that may be established, operated, and maintained by the monitors for purposes of continuous monitoring of such a facility.


78. (93) The term "perimeter continuous monitoring area" means the space within which the inspecting Party has the right to establish, operate, and maintain a perimeter and portal continuous monitoring system and to carry out continuous monitoring.


79. (70) The term "period of inspection" means the period of time from completion of the pre-inspection procedures until the commencement of post-inspection procedures.


80. (66) The term "procedure for dispensing reentry vehicles" means a maneuver of the self-contained dispensing mechanism or of the final stage of a missile, associated with targeting to an aim point and releasing one or more reentry vehicles, whether or not a reentry vehicle was actually released.


81. (75) The term "produce" means build, construct, or manufacture in any quantity, and includes serial production as well as one-of-a-kind manufacturing.


82. (62) The term "production facility" means:


(a) for ICBMs or SLBMs, a facility at which:


(i) ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles in their launch canisters, are assembled, including the joining of all stages and the loading of such missiles into launch canisters;


(ii) ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles without launch canisters, are assembled, including the joining of two or more stages;


(iii) first stages of ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported in stages are assembled;


(b) for ballistic missile submarines, a facility at which construction of ballistic missile submarines is performed;


(c) for mobile launchers of ICBMs, a facility at which the erector-launcher mechanism of a mobile launcher of ICBMs is mounted on the self-propelled chassis, trailer chassis, railcar, or flatcar;


(d) for heavy bombers or former heavy bombers, a facility at which assembly of a complete heavy bomber airframe or complete former heavy bomber airframe is performed.


83. (76) The term "prototype" means, for ICBMs or SLBMs, an ICBM or SLBM of a new type, none of which has been attributed with warheads or accountable throw-weight, no more than 20 of which have been flight-tested, and no launchers of which have been deployed.


84. (23) The term "rail garrison" means an area in which one or more parking sites are located and an associated maintenance facility may be located.


85. (22) The term "rail-mobile launcher of ICBMs" means an erector-launcher mechanism for launching ICBMs and the railcar or flatcar on which it is mounted.


86. (20) The term "range" means:


(a) for an ALCM, the maximum distance that can be covered by an ALCM of that type in its standard design mode flying until fuel exhaustion, determined by projecting its flight path onto the Earth's sphere from the point of launch to the point of impact;


(b) for a ballistic missile, the maximum distance measured by projecting the flight trajectory on the Earth's sphere between the launch point of a missile of that type, and the point of impact of a reentry vehicle;


(c) for an aircraft, the maximum distance that can be flown, without refueling, by an aircraft of that type when carrying an ordnance load of 7500 kilograms, with a full fuel load in the internal and external fuel tanks and a flight profile optimized to ensure minimum fuel consumption per kilometer. In this connection, the fuel remaining in the fuel tanks after landing shall be no more than five percent of the maximum capacity of the fuel tanks, and the distance covered during climb and descent shall be taken into account.


87. (98) The term "rapid reload" means reloading a silo launchers of ICBMs in less than 12 hours or a mobile launcher of ICBMs in less than four hours after a missile has been launched or removed from such a launcher.


88. (8) The term "reentry vehicle" means that part of the front section, that can survive reentry through the dense layers of the Earth's atmosphere and that is designed for delivering a weapon to a target or for testing such a delivery.


89. (69) The term "relocation" means the one-way movement of a deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile from one declared facility to another declared facility, or from any location following the completion of a dispersal to a declared facility, or from any location during a routine movement to a declared facility other than to the maintenance facility associated with that restricted area or that rail garrison.


90. (47) The term "repair facility" means:


(a) for ICBMs or SLBMs, a specified facility, outside an ICBM base or a submarine base, for the repair or maintenance of ICBMs or SLBMs;


(b) for mobile launchers of ICBMs, a specified facility, outside an ICBM base, for the repair or maintenance of mobile launchers of ICBMs;


(c) for heavy bombers or former heavy bombers, a specified facility, outside an air base, for the repair or maintenance of heavy bombers or former heavy bombers.


91. (67) The term "residual propellant" means, when determining the maximum calculated throw-weight of an ICBM or an SLBM, the unusable propellant of a stage and the propellant of a stage reserved for off-nominal missile technical characteristics and missile flight conditions, expressed as a percentage of the total propellant mass of that stage.


92. (65) The term "restricted area" means an area within a deployment area, limited in size, in which deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles are based and in which fixed structures for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs may be located.


93. (99) The term "retired type" means, for ICBMs or SLBMs, a type of ICBM or SLBM, any one of which was deployed when the Treaty entered into force, but none of which are currently deployed due to the conversion or elimination of all launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs of the same type of ICBM or SLBM other than test launchers and launchers at space launch facilities.


94. (18) The term "road-mobile launcher of ICBMs" means an erector-launcher mechanism for launching ICBMs and the self-propelled or trailer chassis on which it is mounted.


95. (64) The term "routine movement" means the movement of a deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile for the purpose of training, maintenance, or testing that begins and ends at the same restricted area or rail garrison and does not involve movement to any other declared facility except movement to the maintenance facility associated with that restricted area or that rail garrison.


96. (2) The term "self-contained dispensing mechanism" means a device that separates from the final stage of a missile together with the front section, and that independently targets and releases the reentry vehicle or reentry vehicles and penetration aids.


97. (120) The term "silo launcher of ICBMs" means a fixed launcher of ICBMs in a silo structure located in the ground.


98. (121) The term "silo training launcher" means a full-scale silo launcher specified for training purposes.


99. (119) The term "silo used as a launch control center" means a silo, other than a silo launcher of ICBMs, that is located at an ICBM base and that is used to control the launch of an ICBM.


100. (78) The term "SLBM launcher" means a device intended or used to contain, prepare for launch, and launch an SLBM.


101. (41) The term "SLBM loading facility" means a shore-based facility, outside a submarine base, where SLBMs are loaded onto or unloaded from ballistic missile submarines.


102. (80) The term "soft-site launcher" means any land-based fixed launcher of ICBMs or SLBMs other than a silo launcher.


103. (107) The term"solid rocket motor" means that part of a stage that consists of the case filled with solid fuel.


104. (43) The term "space launch facility" means a specified facility from which objects are delivered into the upper atmosphere or space using ICBMs or SLBMs.


105. (106) The term "stage" means, for ICBMs or SLBMs, a section of a missile that is equipped with a propulsion unit and that can provide its payload with an additional velocity of more than 1,000 meters per second.


106. (31) The term "storage crane" means a floating crane that is used to store, transport, and load or unload SLBMs.


107. (48) The term "storage facility" means:


(a)for ICBMs or SLBMs, a specified facility, outside an ICBM base, a submarine base, a test range, or a space launch facility, for the storage of ICBMs or SLBMs;


(b) for mobile launcher of ICBMs, a specified facility, outside an ICBM base a test range, or a space launch facility, for the storage of mobile launchers of ICBMs;


(c) for heavy bombers or former heavy bombers, a specified facility, outside an air base, for the storage of heavy bombers or former heavy bombers.


108. (4) The term "submarine base" means a facility at which ballistic missile submarines are based [RF MOU Annex B] [US MOU Annex B] and that provides shore-based support for such submarines, which may include the assembly, loading, maintenance, and storage of SLBMs, unless otherwise provided for in the Treaty.


109. (7) The term "submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)" means a ballistic missile with a range in excess of 600 kilometers of a type, any one of which has been contained in or launched from a submarine.


110. (15) The term "support equipment" means vehicles and mobile or transportable equipment used to support the operation of an ICBM or SLBM.


111. (108) The term "telemetric information" means information that originates on board a missile during its flight tests that is broadcast or recorded for subsequent recovery.


112. (81) The term "test launcher" means an ICBM launcher or an SLBM launcher located within a test range, unless otherwise provided for in the Treaty.


113. (28) The term "test range" means a designated land area, other than an ICBM base, from which launches of ICBMs or SLBMs are conducted.


114. (100) The term "train of standard configuration" means a train consisting of a specified number of rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and launch-associated railcars. [RF MOU Annex F]


115. (45) The term "training facility" means:


(a) for ICBMs or SLBMs, a specified facility, outside an ICBM base, or a submarine base, at which personnel are trained to use, operate, or maintain ICBMs or SLBMs and their launchers;


(b) for heavy bombers, a facility where training heavy bombers are based.


116. (114) The term "training heavy bomber" means a heavy bomber used for training that is not equipped for nuclear armaments or non-nuclear air-to-surface armaments, and that satisfies the requirements for conversion in accordance with the Protocol on Conversion or Elimination.


117. (82) The term "training launcher" means a silo training launcher or a mobile training launcher.


118. (116) The term "training model of a missile" means a full-scale, inert model of an ICBM or SLBM that is not capable of being launched and that differs from an ICBM or SLBM on the basis of external and functional differences that are visible during inspection.


119. (74) The term "transit" means the one-way movement from one facility or location to another facility or another location of:


(a) a non-deployed ICBM, other than an ICBM of a retired or former type;


(b) a non-deployed SLBM, other than an SLBM of a retired or former type;


(c) a launch canister that remains after the flight test of an ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs; or


(d) a non-deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs.


120. (109) The term "transporter-loader" means a vehicle that is capable of transporting an assembled ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs and from which such an ICBM can be loaded directly onto a mobile launcher of ICBMs, or onto which such an ICBM can be unloaded directly from a mobile launcher of ICBMs, outside facilities where non-deployed ICBMs may be located.


121. (14) The term "variant" means:


(a) for heavy bombers, a classification, declared by the inspected Party, of airplanes of one type and one category that are distinguishable from other airplanes of the same type and the same category;


(b) for long-range nuclear ALCMs, a classification, declared by the inspected Party, of items of the same type that are distinguishable from other items of the same type;


(c) for ICBMs and SLBMs, a classification, declared by the inspected Party, of ICBMs or SLBMs of the same type that are distinguishable from other ICBMs or SLBMs of the same type.


122. (92) The term "version" means, for mobile launchers of ICBMs, fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs, and support equipment, a classification, declared by the inspected Party, based on external differences from other such items for a particular type of ICBM or SLBM.


123. (9) The term "warhead" means a unit of account used for counting toward the 6000 maximum aggregate limit and relevant sublimits as applied to deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers.


124. (101) The term "weapon-delivery vehicle" means, for ballistic missiles and cruise missiles, a missile of a type, any one of which has been flight-tested or deployed to carry or be used as a weapon, that is, as any mechanism or device that, when directed against any target, is designed to damage or destroy it.


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ANNEX


AGREED STATEMENTS


In connection with the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, the Parties have agreed as follows:




First Agreed Statement. The Parties agree, in the interest of the viability and effectiveness of the Treaty, not to transfer strategic offensive arms subject to the limitations of the Treaty to third States. The Parties further agree that this Agreed Statement and the provisions of Article XVI of the Treaty do not apply to any patterns of cooperation, including obligations, in the area of strategic offensive arms, existing at the time of signature of the Treaty, between a Party and a third State.


Second Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, in the event of the emergence in the future of a new kind of arm that one Party considers could be a new kind of strategic offensive arm, that Party shall have the right to raise the question of such an arm for consideration by the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission in accordance with subparagraph (c) of Article XV of the Treaty.


Third Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 13 of Article V and subparagraph 4(d) of Article III of the Treaty, ICBMs of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RS-10, which is known to the United States of America as SS-11, may be deployed with no more than three reentry vehicles, provided that such reentry vehicles are not independently targetable.


Fourth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, in connection with the definition of the term "air-to-surface ballistic missile (ASBM)" provided for in the Annex to the Treaty on Terms and Their Definitions, hereinafter referred to as the Definitions Annex to the Treaty, the term is not intended to describe any missile that sustains flight, or any missile the payload of which sustains flight, through the use of aerodynamic lift over any portion of its flight path.


Fifth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that the replacement of silo launchers of heavy ICBMs under the provisions of subparagraph 2(d) of Article V of the Treaty shall only take place in the case of silo launchers destroyed by accident or in the case of other exceptional circumstances that require the relocation of existing silo launchers of heavy ICBMs. If such relocation is required, the Party planning to construct the new silo launcher shall provide the other Party with the reasons and plans for such relocation in the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission prior to carrying out such relocation.


Sixth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that three airplanes of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as 3M, which is known to the United States of America as Bison, have been converted to transport oversized cargo; are used for purposes unrelated to the Treaty; and are not reconnaissance airplanes, tanker airplanes, or jamming airplanes, and thus do not meet the definition of the term "former heavy bomber" provided for in the Definitions Annex to the Treaty. These airplanes are not included within the totals listed in Section IV of, or Annex C to, the Memorandum of Understanding. The Parties further agree that all other airplanes of the Bison type will be considered to be former heavy bombers.


Seventh Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, with respect to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article XIV of the Treaty authorizing operational dispersals, such dispersals shall be conducted only for national security purposes in time of crisis when a Party considers it necessary to act to ensure the survivability of its strategic forces. The Parties further agree that, while there are no limits on the number and frequency of such operational dispersals, in practice they will occur rarely.


Eighth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that:


(a) With respect to paragraph 28 of Article V of the Treaty, the strategic offensive arms of each Party shall be based only within its national territory at permanent bases specified in the Treaty that are equipped to support the long-term operation of strategic offensive arms. The obligations of paragraph 28 of Article V of the Treaty shall not affect the Parties' rights under generally recognized principles and rules of international law relating to the passage of submarines or flights of aircraft, or relating to visits of submarines to ports of third States.


(b) With respect to heavy bombers, the provisions of paragraph 28 of Article V of the Treaty shall not preclude the temporary stationing of heavy bombers outside the territory of a Party for purposes not inconsistent with the Treaty. If a Party stations heavy bombers outside its national territory for a period in excess of 30 days at any one time, it shall so inform the other Party through diplomatic channels before the end of the 30-day period, except that, if a Party has stationed more than 30 heavy bombers outside its national territory at any one time, it shall so inform the other Party within 48 hours.


(c) The Parties have the obligation, if concerns arise under this Agreed Statement, to discuss any ambiguity and, if necessary, to provide each other with information to resolve concerns. Such discussions could occur through diplomatic channels, as well as in the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission. The Parties do not rule out the possibility that clarifications provided in the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission might, in certain cases, include inspections or visits.


Ninth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, for the purposes of subparagraph 19(a) of Article V of the Treaty, lighter-than-air aircraft such as balloons, drifting aerostats, and dirigibles shall not be flight-tested with, equipped for, or deployed with nuclear armaments.


Tenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that:


(a) With respect to B-52 heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, the United States of America will provide no technical data or photographs of heavy bombers of the variants designated by the United States of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as, B-52C, B-52D, B-52E, and B-52F, and will conduct no exhibitions of heavy bombers of such variants pursuant to paragraph 12 of Article XI of the Treaty or pursuant to the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Early Exhibitions of Strategic Offensive Arms Relating to the Treaty, of July 31, 1991. The Parties further agree that all such heavy bombers shall be located only at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, which is a specified conversion or elimination facility for heavy bombers and former heavy bombers, and that each such heavy bomber shall not depart Davis-Monthan Air Force Base before it has been eliminated in accordance with the procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.


(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5 of Section VII of the Inspection Protocol, the conversion or elimination facility for heavy bombers and former heavy bombers at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base shall be subject to a baseline data inspection. If at any time the total number of heavy bombers and former heavy bombers that have been located at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base for more than seven days, and upon which the elimination process has not been initiated, exceeds five, this facility shall also be subject to data update inspections, which shall be counted against the quota provided for in paragraph 2 of Section VII of the Inspection Protocol.


(c) The procedures for baseline data inspections and data update inspections of heavy bombers and former heavy bombers at the conversion or elimination facility at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base shall be as modified below:


(i) Inspectors shall have the right only to count B-52C, B-52D, B-52E, and B-52F heavy bombers, and to view the min situ, as they are found.


(ii) Inspectors shall have the right to inspect other heavy bombers and former heavy bombers in accordance with the procedures provided for in Section II of Annex 4 to the Inspection Protocol, but only to the extent that the condition of such airplanes allows such procedures to be carried out. A member of the in-country escort shall provide the information on the condition of such airplanes.


(d) If the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the future has a conversion or elimination facility where at any time the total number of heavy bombers and former heavy bombers that have been located at such facility for more than seven days, and upon which the elimination process has not been initiated, exceeds five, such facility shall also be subject to data update inspections, in accordance with the procedures provided for in subparagraph (c)(ii) of this Agreed Statement.


Eleventh Agreed Statement. The Parties understand that the Conversion or Elimination Protocol does not provide procedures for the elimination of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs containing a stage equipped with a liquid-propellant main rocket engine or for the elimination of heavy bombers that have no tail sections. The Parties agree that such ICBMs and such heavy bombers shall not be eliminated until the appropriate procedures have been agreed within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission. The Parties further agree that such ICBMs and such heavy bombers may be otherwise removed from accountability in accordance with the applicable procedures provided for in Section VII or VIII of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.


Twelfth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, notwithstanding the definition of the term "former heavy bomber" provided for in the Definitions Annex to the Treaty, the 37 airplanes designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Tu-95RTs, which are known to the United States of America as Bear D, and all airplanes designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Tu-142, which are known to the United States of America as Bear F or Bear J, depending on how a particular airplane is equipped, shall not be considered to be former heavy bombers. The Parties further agree that all airplanes formerly known to the United States of America as Bear E and now known as Bear T, which are designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Tu-95U, shall be considered to be training heavy bombers.


Thirteenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that engineering models of silos may be located at the repair facility for ICBMs at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, United States of America, the number of which shall not exceed four. Such engineering models of silos shall be subject to the limitations on silo training launchers provided for in subparagraph 2(e) of Article IV of the Treaty, and they shall be specified in the Memorandum of Understanding as a separate category. Such engineering models of silos shall not be subject to inspection. The elimination of such engineering models of silos shall be carried out in accordance with procedures for silo training launchers in Section II of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.


Fourteenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph 11(a) of Article IV of the Treaty, the existing storage facilities for ICBMs located at Khrizolitovyy and Surovatikha, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, shall be located no less than 20 kilometers from any deployment area, provided that the distance between such facilities and any restricted area or maintenance facility of an ICBM base for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs is no less than 60 kilometers. Such storage facilities shall not be re-established after they have been eliminated in accordance with the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.


Fifteenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that the existing training facility for ICBMs at Plesetsk, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, shall not be subject to the locational restriction on training facilities for ICBMs, provided for in subparagraph 11(d) of Article IV of the Treaty, with respect to any existing test range. No more than 12 non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs may be located at this training facility for ICBMs. After its elimination in accordance with the Conversion or Elimination Protocol, this training facility for ICBMs shall not be reestablished


Sixteenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, with respect to the provisions of subparagraph 9(d) of Article III of the Treaty, each ICBM launcher or SLBM launcher existing as of the date of signature of the Treaty is capable of launching only an ICBM or SLBM of the type specified for that launcher in the Memorandum of Understanding.


Seventeenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that the expression "not equipped" is understood to mean, for a heavy bomber or former heavy bombers, that such an airplane is not equipped for a particular kind of armament, which shall be confirmed by the necessary distinguishing features. Each Party shall determine the distinguishing features of its heavy bombers and former heavy bombers. If the other Party considers such distinguishing features to be insufficient, it may raise the issue within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission.


Eighteenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, as of the date of signature of the Treaty, there are no heavy bombers permanently based at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, and that it therefore has not been specified as an air base for heavy bombers in the Memorandum of Understanding. The Parties further agree that, if in the future the United States of America permanently bases heavy bombers at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, all applicable provisions of the Treaty will apply to that facility, including those that provide for listing the facility in Annex C to the Memorandum of Understanding, for new facility inspections and data update inspections, and for notifications concerning the visits of heavy bombers and former heavy bombers.


Nineteenth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, in the event either Party wishes to develop mobile space launchers and space launch boosters associated with such launchers, the question could be addressed in the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission. Such systems would be allowed, provided that:


(a) Mobile space launchers and the space launch boosters associated with such launchers have differences from ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers and from ICBMs< and SLBMs, respectively, observable by national technical means of verification;


(b) Mobile space launchers do not contain an ICBM or SLBM;


(c) The numbers of mobile space launchers and space launch boosters associated with such launchers that are produced and stored do not exceed space launch requirements; and


(d) Mobile space launchers and space launch boosters associated with such launchers are not located at an ICBM base for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs or an ICBM base for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs. Additional provisions relevant to such systems could also be agreed by the Parties within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission.


Twentieth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article VII of the Treaty:


(a) The United States of America shall have the right to refurbish and reuse, as launch canisters for mobile launchers of ICBMs, those launch canisters for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs that remain at a test range or ICBM base after the flight test of such ICBMs.


(b) The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall have the same right, if it decides to change its existing practices for the elimination of such launch canisters.


(c) Notification of the movement of such launch canisters from the place where the flight test occurred to a refurbishment location shall be provided through the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers no later than five days after the completion of the movement.


Twenty-first Agreed Statement.


The Parties agree that, in providing notifications in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol for "each change in data for categories of data contained in the Memorandum of Understanding," only one notification shall be required for each event that results in changed data, notwithstanding the number of categories of data for which data must be changed based on the occurrence of such event.


Twenty-second Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that:


(a) Issues relating to the concurrent continuous monitoring activities in accordance with paragraph 14 of Article XI of the Treaty and continuous monitoring in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article XI of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles of December 8, 1987, hereinafter referred to as the INF Treaty, shall be agreed upon, prior to entry into force of the Treaty, within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission and within the framework of the Special Verification Commission. An agreement on these issues shall not affect substantive rights or obligations of the Parties under either Treaty.


(b) For the purpose of reaching the agreement provided for in subparagraph (a) of this Agreed Statement, the Parties shall proceed as follows:


(i) During the period when continuous monitoring at the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, is conducted concurrently under the Treaty and under the INF Treaty, the Parties shall ensure the application of continuous monitoring procedures under the Treaty and of continuous monitoring procedures under the INF Treaty. The engineering site survey provided for in the Treaty will not be conducted at the Votkinsk facility.


(Ii) In cases where continuous monitoring procedures under the Treaty and continuous monitoring procedures under the INF Treaty are identical, those procedures may be performed only once, with the results recorded, as appropriate, in the continuous monitoring report and in the inspection report.


(iii) The Parties shall agree on a list of the specific provisions of the INF Treaty and of the Memorandum of Agreement Regarding the Implementation of the Verification Provisions of the INF Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Memorandum of Agreement, on issues relating to pre-inspection requirements, notifications, activities beginning upon arrival at the point of entry, and general provisions related to continuous monitoring that shall be suspended upon entry into force of the Treaty at facilities inspected by means of continuous monitoring pursuant to the INF Treaty. Agreement on such a list shall not be considered to be an amendment to the INF Treaty proper and shall not have the effect of amending the INF Treaty. The provisions of the INF Treaty to be suspended may be suspended by making amendments to the Memorandum of Agreement or by being treated as "measures to improve the viability and effectiveness" of the Protocol Regarding Inspections Relating to the INF Treaty. The Parties shall also agree upon a list of the specific provisions of the Treaty that, in connection with the suspension of the above-mentioned provisions of the Protocol Regarding Inspections Relating to the INF Treaty and the Memorandum of Agreement, shall apply from the date of entry into force of the Treaty at such facilities.


(iv) After continuous monitoring activities commence in accordance with paragraph 14 of Article XI of the Treaty, continuous monitoring activities under the Treaty and continuous monitoring activities under the INF Treaty at the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant shall be conducted by a team of no more than 30 monitors. Issues related to increasing the quota of monitors for maintenance of the perimeter and portal continuous monitoring system and replacement of monitors shall be governed by the provisions of the Inspection Protocol to the Treaty.


(v) Equipment used for the purposes of continuous monitoring at the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant pursuant to the INF Treaty may be used for continuous monitoring pursuant to the Treaty, including after termination of continuous monitoring pursuant to the INF Treaty, if the purpose of such equipment coincides with the purpose of the equipment under the Treaty. Equipment used exclusively for the purpose of continuous monitoring at the Votkinsk facility and the use of which is not provided for under the Treaty shall be used only pursuant to the INF Treaty. Continuous monitoring equipment for use exclusively under the Treaty may also be sent to, and installed at, the Votkinsk facility in accordance with the Treaty.


(vi) Specific issues that may arise in connection with the concurrent application of continuous monitoring procedures under both Treaties shall be considered within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission and the framework of the Special Verification Commission.


(c) Concurrent inspections under both Treaties may not be conducted at a facility subject to the Treaty and the INF Treaty. An inspection under one of the Treaties at such a facility shall be conducted no earlier than six days after an inspection has been conducted under the other Treaty at that facility.


Twenty-third Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, for the purposes of the prohibition of paragraph 25 of Article V of the Treaty and this Agreed Statement, the term "accessible" means able to be entered by waterborne craft on the surface of the water, while submerged, or while partially submerged. The Parties further agree that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics will not make the underground structures located in the immediate vicinity of the Ara Inlet (Kola Peninsula), the Yagel'naya Submarine Base (Kola Peninsula), and the Pavlovskoye Submarine Base (Primorskiy Kray), all of which are used for purposes unrelated to the Treaty, accessible by any waterborne craft of any displacement whatsoever.


Twenty-fourth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, for the purposes of subparagraph 4(b) of Article III of the Treaty, a front section of a fundamentally new design would not have the essential features that are characteristic of any existing design of a front section with multiple reentry vehicles that has been deployed or tested on any ICBM or SLBM as of the date of entry into force of the Treaty. In particular, a front section of a fundamentally new design would not have a self-contained dispensing mechanism that dispenses reentry vehicles to different aim points sequentially. In addition, an ICBM or SLBM, the final stage of which executes a procedure for dispensing reentry vehicles, would not be considered to have a front section of a fundamentally new design. The Parties further agree that the fundamentally new nature of such a design would be verifiable by national technical means of verification.


Twenty-fifth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, with respect to the definition of the term "variants," an ICBM or SLBM of a type, a dimension of which differs from that of another ICBM or SLBM of the same type by more than three percent, but by less than the appropriate new type criteria, shall be considered to be a variant. The Parties further agree that a Party may declare an ICBM or SLBM to be a variant if its dimensions differ by less than three percent from those of another ICBM or SLBM of the same type.


Twenty-sixth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, subject to the limitations provided for in subparagraphs 4(b) and 11(c) of Article IV of the Treaty, a portion of the territory of an eliminated ICBM base may be declared to be a space launch facility after the following conditions are met:


(a) All strategic offensive arms specified for that ICBM base and all support equipment have been removed and all silo launchers of ICBMs or fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs, except those located in the portion of the territory of the ICBM base that the Party intends to subsequently declare as a space launch facility, are eliminated in accordance with the procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. The provisions of that Protocol shall not apply to silo launchers of ICBMs or fixed structures for mobile launchers of ICBMs located in that portion of the territory of the base declared as a space launch facility.


(b) All activity associated with strategic offensive arms shall cease and shall not subsequently resume at the ICBM base.


(c) A close-out inspection shall be conducted at the ICBM base to confirm that the elimination of the base has been completed.


(d) Such eliminated ICBM bases shall not be reestablished.


(e) Nothing in this Agreed Statement shall affect the obligation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to eliminate, no later than seven years after entry into force of the Treaty, 154 silo launchers of ICBMs of the type designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RS-20, which is known to the United States of America as SS-18. In this regard, no SS-18 silo launchers of ICBMs among the 154 launchers to be eliminated shall be retained for use at a space launch facility. The Parties further agree that, during a formerly declared facility inspection of the ICBM base, a portion of the territory of which has been declared as a space launch facility, the space launch facility shall not be subject to inspection.


Twenty-seventh Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that the six existing soft-site launchers located at Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States of America, shall be exempt from the provisions of paragraph 9 of Article V of the Treaty until such time that they contain or launch an ICBM or SLBM after the date of signature of the Treaty.


Twenty-eighth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that a first stage of an ICBM or SLBM that is maintained, stored, and transported as an assembled missile without a launch canister, may be located separate from other stages of such a missile only at a production facility for such ICBMs or SLBMs; a location, specified in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding, where static testing of first stages occurs; a conversion or elimination facility for ICBMs or SLBMs, or, for ICBMs other than ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs and for SLBMs, another location where such an ICBM or SLBM is eliminated; or an exhibition site. Such a first stage may be moved between these locations only in connection with an exhibition conducted pursuant to paragraph 11 of Article XI of the Treaty as well as in connection with the elimination of such ICBMs or SLBMs. If, however, such a first stage is located, separate from other stages of such a missile, at a location other than these locations, all ICBMs or SLBMs of that type shall thereafter be considered, for the purposes of the Treaty, to be ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported in stages, unless otherwise agreed. The Parties further agree that an assembled missile or first stage of an ICBM that is maintained, stored, and transported as an assembled missile in its launch canister, may be located outside its launch canister only at a production facility for such ICBMs; for first stages of such ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, locations specified in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding, where solid rocket motors of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs may be tested with or without nozzles attached; for other such ICBMs not subject to the limitations contained in paragraph 10 of Article IV of the Treaty, a location, specified in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding, where static testing of first stages occurs; a conversion or elimination facility for ICBMs, or, for ICBMs other than ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, another location where such an ICBM is eliminated; or an exhibition site. Such a first stage may be moved between these locations only in connection with an exhibition conducted pursuant to paragraph 11 of Article XI of the Treaty as well as in connection with the elimination of such ICBMs. If, however, such a missile is located outside its launch canister, or such a first stage is located separate from other stages of such a missile, at a location other than these locations, all ICBMs of that type shall thereafter be considered, for the purposes of the Treaty, to be ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported in stages, unless otherwise agreed.


Twenty-ninth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that the STARS booster shall not be considered to be the Polaris A-3 SLBM since that booster has a different number of stages. The STARS booster shall be considered to be a booster used only for research and development purposes, subject to the provisions of paragraph 12 of Article VII of the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles of December 8, 1987.


Thirtieth Agreed Statement. The Parties do not exclude the possibility that the bans on ballistic missiles on waterborne vehicles other than submarines and on launchers of such missiles contained in subparagraph 18(a) of Article V of the Treaty and the ban on air-to-surface ballistic missiles contained in subparagraph 18(d) of Article V of the Treaty shall not apply to launches of ICBMs and SLBMs from waterborne vehicles other than submarines or from airplanes, other than heavy bombers or former heavy bombers, for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space. Should the Parties reach agreement concerning the possibility of using ICBMs and SLBMs for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere or space from waterborne vehicles other than submarines or from such airplanes, provisions concerning procedures for such launches shall be agreed within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission. By this Agreed Statement, the Parties do not waive any of their obligations or rights related to the non-proliferation of missiles and missile technology, stipulated in the Washington Summit Joint Statement of June 1, 1990.


Thirty-first Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that the provisions of Article X of the Treaty and of the Telemetry Protocol shall not apply to objects launched by ICBMs or SLBMs used to deliver objects into the upper atmosphere or space, after such objects either are in orbit or have achieved escape velocity.


Thirty-second Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph 3(b) of Section I of the Throw-weight Protocol and paragraph 1 of Section III and paragraph 4 of Section VII of the Notification Protocol, the Parties shall agree, within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission, on the procedures for establishing the throw-weight accountability of an ICBM or SLBM of a new type in the event that a Party deploys an ICBM or SLBM of that type prior to its eighth flight test.


Thirty-third Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, for no more than two ballistic missile submarines of the United States of America that are equipped with Poseidon SLBMs and that are modified for use as special purpose submarines, the following provisions shall apply:


(a) Such submarines shall be permanently based only at ports that are not submarine bases specified in the Memorandum of Understanding. Such ports shall be specified in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding and shall not be subject to inspection.


(b) In order to demonstrate that the launch tubes on such a submarine do not contain SLBMs, such tubes shall be opened, upon request of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, when such a submarine is located at the port at which it is permanently based, in accordance with the following procedures:


(i) After receipt of a request for the display of special purpose submarines in such a port, the special purpose submarines shall not leave port until the display is completed. If both special purpose submarines are located in the same home port when a request is made, both submarines shall be displayed, and the request shall count as one request for each such submarine.


(Ii) Within 24 hours of the receipt of such a request, the decks of the special purpose submarine shall be cleared and all tubes shall be opened for a period of no less than 12 hours.


(c) The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall have the right to make two requests per submarine each year pursuant to subparagraph (b) of this Agreed Statement. If the requested Party is unable to conduct such a display because of the absence of such submarine from the port, it shall provide notification to the requesting Party through the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers. In such an event, the number of requests to which the requesting Party is entitled shall not be decreased.


(d) Until they are eliminated in accordance with Section IV of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol , the 16 launchers that are on each special purpose submarine shall continue to count as 16 launchers for such a submarine against the maximum aggregate limit of 1,600 provided for in Article II of the Treaty and to count as 160 against the 6,000 and 4,900 limits also provided therein. When all other launchers of Poseidon SLBMs have been converted or eliminated, except for test launchers and launchers at space launch facilities, the Poseidon SLBM shall be considered to be a retired type of SLBM.


Thirty-fourth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, with respect to the criteria contained in subparagraph (f) of the definition of the term "new type" provided for in the Definitions Annex to the Treaty:


(a) The throw-weight of an ICBM or SLBM of a type declared to be a new type shall exceed the accountable throw-weight of an ICBM or SLBM of an existing type or of a previously declared new type by 21 percent or more. The change in the length of the first stage of an ICBM or SLBM of a type declared to be a new type shall be a change in relation to an ICBM or SLBM of the same existing type or the same previously declared new type by five percent or more.


(b) The change in the length of the first stage of an ICBM or SLBM of a type declared to be a new type in relation to an ICBM or SLBM of an existing type or previously declared new type shall be determined in accordance with paragraph 15 of Annex J to the Memorandum of Understanding.


(c) The throw-weight of an ICBM or SLBM of an existing type or previously declared new type shall be the accountable throw-weight of this existing type or previously declared new type, specified in the Memorandum of Understanding.


(d) The throw-weight of an ICBM or SLBM of a type declared to be a new type shall be the greatest throw-weight demonstrated in flight tests of an ICBM or SLBM of that type to a range of no less than 11,000 kilometers for an ICBM, or a range of no less than 9,500 kilometers for an SLBM. If an ICBM or SLBM of a type declared to be a new type is not capable of being flight-tested to such a range, it shall be flight-tested to a range of no less than 10,000 kilometers for an ICBM, or a range of no less than 8,500 kilometers for an SLBM.


(e) Should an ICBM of any type be declared to be a new type in relation to the SS-25 ICBM on the basis of an increase of 21 percent or more in throw-weight in conjunction with a change of five percent or more in the length of the first stage, the throw-weight of an ICBM of such a type declared to be a new type shall be the greatest throw-weight demonstrated in flight tests of an ICBM of that type to a range of no less than 11,000 kilometers.


Thirty-fifth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, if a Party provides, during any one year, telemetry data tapes for a greater number of flight tests, the other Party shall reimburse the tape-associated costs resulting from the difference in the number of flight tests. The costs associated with the purchase of the tapes and the copying of telemetric information onto the tapes, as well as the procedure for the reimbursement, shall be subject to agreement in the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission.


Thirty-sixth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that, with regard to Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota; Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota; Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota; and Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics may conduct no more than one inspection at each of these Air Force Bases of the United States of America at any one time.


Thirty-seventh Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that:


(a) The limitations provided for in subparagraph 1(a) of Article IV of the Treaty shall not apply to ICBMs of retired types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to each of which one warhead was attributed.


(b) The limitations provided for in subparagraphs 1(d) and 4(c) of Article IV of the Treaty shall not apply to:


(i) ICBMs of retired types other than ICBMs of retired types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs;


(ii) SLBMs of retired types; and


(iii) ICBMs or SLBMs of former types.


(c) The locational restrictions provided for in subparagraph 9(a) of Article IV of the Treaty shall not apply to ICBMs or SLBMs of former or retired types except for ICBMs of retired types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs.


(d) ICBMs of retired types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall not be located at ICBM bases or submarine bases.


(e) ICBMs and SLBMs of former and retired types shall not be specified in the Memorandum of Understanding except for the categories of data contained in Annex F for such retired types.


(f) Procedures contained in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol for the elimination or removal from accountability of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall not apply to ICBMs of retired types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to each of which one warhead was attributed.


(g) The provisions of Section IVof the Notification Protocol shall not apply to ICBMs or SLBMs of former or retired types except for ICBMs of retired types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to each of which more than one warhead was attributed.


(h) Notifications concerning data with respect to launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs of a former or retired type shall be provided in accordance with Sections I, II, and IV of the Notification Protocol and such launchers shall be subject to the limitations contained in subparagraphs 2(d) and 4(b) of Article IV of the Treaty, except as provided for in subparagraph (i) of this Agreed Statement .


(i) The one launcher located at the Vandenberg Air Force Base, California test range, that is equipped for flight testing only the Minuteman I ICBM, shall not be subject to the provisions provided for in Articles IV and VIII of the Treaty. If this launcher is later converted to launch other ICBMs or SLBMs, it will be subject to the provisions provided for in Articles IV and VIII of the Treaty.


Thirty-eighth Agreed Statement. The Parties agree that there are no agreed provisions for establishing reference cylinders as provided for in the provisions in paragraph 23 of Section VI of the Inspection Protocol for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs containing a first stage equipped with a liquid-propellant main rocket engine. The Parties agree that such procedures will be agreed within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission prior to the deployment of such ICBMs.


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