Monarchie Rakousko-Uherská [1867-1918]

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
     
Název:
Name:
Monarchie Rakousko-Uherská Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Originální název:
Original Name:
Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
Hlavní město:
Capital:
Vídeň (a Budapešť) Vienna (and Budapest)
Státní zřízení:
Government System:
konstituční monarchie Constitutional monarchy
Nejvyšší představitelé:
Heads of State:
-
Ozbrojené složky:
Armed Forces:
společné císařské a královské vojsko
císařské a královské válečné námořnictvo
císařsko-královská zeměbrana
královská uherská zeměbrana
císařsko-královská domobrana
královská uherská domobrana
Imperial and Royal Common Army
Imperial and Royal War Navy
Imperial Royal Defence Force
Royal Hungarian Defence Force
Imperial Royal Territorial Force
Royal Hungarian Territorial Force
Rozloha:
Area:
676.615 km2 261.24 mi2
Geografická poloha:
Location :
Střední Evropa, Balkán Central Europe, Balkan Peninsula
Sousední státy:
Neighbouring Countries:
Rusko, Rumunsko, Srbsko, Turecko, Černá Hora, Itálie, Švýcarsko, Lichtenštejnsko, Německo Russia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey, Montenegro, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany
Vznik:
Independence:
22.12.1867
22.12.1867
Zánik:
Dissolution:
31.10.1918
31.10.1918
Národnostní složení:
Ethnic Groups:
Podle tzv. obcovací řeči, data z roku 1910:


Němčina 23,36 %
Maďarština 19,57 %
Čeština 12,54 %
Polština 9,68 %
Srbština a Chorvatština 8,52 %
Ukrajinština a rusínština 7,78 %
Rumunština 6,27 %
Slovenština 3,83 %
Slovinština 2,44 %
Italština 1,5 %
Ostatní 4,51 %
Linguistic distribution (1910 census):


German 23,36 %
Hungarian 19,57 %
Czech 12,54 %
Polish 9,68 %
Serbian and Croatian 8,52 %
Ukrainian and Ruthenian 7,78 %
Romanian 6,27 %
Slovak 3,83 %
Slovene 2,44 %
Italian 1,5 %
Other 4,51 %
Vlajka:
Flag:
Rakousko-Uhersko nemělo společnou národní vlajku. / Austria-Hungary did not have a common flag.
Znak:
Coat of Arms:
-
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
- The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911
- Karel MALÝ a kol.: Dějiny českého a československého práva do roku 1945, Praha 1999.
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Name
The official designation of the Austro-Hungarian empire was Monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian or also Empire of the Austria-Hungarian. This designation was introduced to the emperor's kabinentní sheet of 14. 11. 1868. In the ordinary course of trade was used other expressions such as the Austro-Hungarian empire, Danube monarchy, Dvojmonarchie, c. and to. the monarchy and more. The official title of předlitavské part of the sound Whole kingdoms and lands represented in the imperial council. This long and unwieldy name was introduced for the reason that political representation could not agree on another name. Normally, this part was dvojmonarchie referred to as Předlitavsko or Cislajtánie. In 1951, it was for this part of the introduced label Austria. The official part of the zalitavské part of the sound a Whole of the Countries of the Crown of saint stephen. It was commonly used designation of the Transleithania, Translajtánie or Hungary.



polities
Monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian empire-was a constitutional monarchy, which can be described as a combination of personal and real union. The legal basis accounted for mainly pragmatic sanction of 1713, habsburg family statute and the home regulations, the December constitution of 1867, which was formally a continuation of the February constitution of 1861 and the legal article XII/1867 Hungarian legislation.

Monarchy based on the austro-Hungarian settlement of 1867 consisted of two state-owned units, which are then internally split into individual parts. Předlitavsko consisted of seventeen units: the bohemian kingdom, the margraviate of Moravia, duchy of Silesia, kingdom of Galician, the kingdom of Dalmatian, arcivévodství Austrian over Enží, arcivévodství the Austrian under Enží, the duchy of Solnohradské, the duchy of Styrian, the duchy of Carinthia, duchy of Tabor, the duchy of Bukovina, the margraviate of Istria, okněžněné county Tyrolean, okněžněné county Gorické, the country of Vorarlberg, the city of Trieste and the surrounding area.

Transleithania was formed the kingdom of Hungary, kingdom of Croatia-slavonska and the city of Rijeka as a corpus separatum. Between the first two units occurred in the year 1868 to the so-called Hungarian-Croatian settlement.

In 1878, he entrusted the berlin congress to austria-Hungarian administration územé Bosnia and Herzegovina, which Austria-Hungary in 1908 annexed. Bosnia and Herzegovina did not become part of either the imperial half, but was entrusted to the administration of the joint minister of finance. Austria-Hungary had no overseas colonies. The exception of just a large exclave in the chinese city of Tianjin in the years 1901-1917.

Austria-Hungary is known as a combination personal and real union, as both the state units connected person of the ruler of the von habsburg-lorraine monarchy and some of the common issues. It was about foreign affairs, a common army and navy and finance regarding these matters. Minister of the imperial and royal house and of foreign affairs took over the functions of the defunct office of reich chancellor. All others fall within the competence of the předlitavské and zalitavské government. These two units had their own parliaments in matters of common things to create the so-called delegation. Those consisted of 120 members, while of the two parliaments be delegated 60 members - 40 from the bottom and 20 from the top of the house. For the financial control of common affairs was established a Joint supreme court.


(fleshed out).
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Geographical location:
The westernmost place of the monarchy was near Feldkirch, the easternmost in the Sibiňsku, the southernmost in Kotorem and the northernmost in Hilgersdorfu u Šluknova. Area mocnářstvá was 622 473 km2, which is classified into the category of states. size, which is a group of countries spanning more than 550 000 km2. The length of the terrestrial border was 6 300 km, the length of the borders of the sea 1 780 km. Austria-Hungary therefore neřadilo between the maritime powers, was the power of the continental. The shape of the monarchy was the form of a rounded shank, to which adjoined dalamtský trojhran. The average width of the stem was 606 km, the average length then 1060 km. Trojhran is dragged in a length of 530 km and šíroký was from 1 km in Kotor after 106 km on the north. Trojhran was in the southern part of the twice interrupted by the territory of the Turkish Herzegovina. Combining the lines of Cheb and Brasov, Trident and Tarnopol, Bregenz and Sučavu, intersect these lines at the danube bay at the ruins of the Hungarian Vyšegradu, where then was the mathematical center of the monarchy.


Crest:
The main character of the imperial coat of arms originated from the roman eagle, who received two head after the collapse of the empire into two parts. In the holy roman empire coined by Conrad III. in the time of the crusades. The emperor Francis then appointed a special coat of arms of the empire. The coat of arms existed in three varianách - large, medium and small.


Colors:
Říšskými colors were gold and black, the colors of the imperial house of silver and red.


Password:
The emperor's motto was Viribus unitis, or One forces.


Monarch:
At the head of the monarchy was worth His imperial and royal Majesty by the grace of God the emperor.

Imperial statement according to the importance of sharing the edicts, patents and manifestos. The representatives of the highest offices of the emperor sent to the highest decision, the hand leaves and signatures. The emperor could at its discretion grant a pardon.






Source: Jan LEPAR: Description of the empire Austro-Hungarian to the need for a secondary school, Even. L. Kober, Prague 1875.

Note: the data relate to the date of issue of the sources and do not reflect the following geopolitical changes such as the occupation, or the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina..
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