SSN - Virginia

Virginia class
     
Název:
Name:
Virginia Virginia class
Originální název:
Original Name:
Virginia class
Kategorie:
Category:
útočná ponorka s nukleárním pohonem submersible ship, attack, nuclear powered (SSN)
Přehled vyrobených plavidel:
Summary of Built Boats:
Block I
USS Virginia (SSN-774)
USS Texas (SSN-775)
USS Hawaii (SSN-776)
USS North Carolina (SSN-777)

Block II
USS New Hampshire (SSN-778)
USS New Mexico (SSN-779)
USS Missouri (SSN-780)
USS California (SSN-781)
USS Mississippi (SSN-782)
USS Minnesota (SSN-783)

Block III
USS North Dakota (SSN-784)
USS John Warner (SSN-785)
USS Illinois (SSN-786)
USS Washington (SSN-787)
USS Colorado (SSN-788)
USS Indiana (SSN-789)
USS South Dakota (SSN-790)
USS Delaware (SSN-791)

Block IV
USS Vermont (SSN-792)
USS Oregon (SSN-793)
USS Montana (SSN-794)
USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-795)
USS New Jersey (SSN-796)
USS Iowa (SSN-797)
USS Massachusetts (SSN-798)
USS Idaho (SSN-799)
USS Arkansas (SSN-800)
USS Utah (SSN-801)

Block V
USS Oklahoma (SSN-802)
USS Arizona (SSN-803)
USS Barb (SSN-804)
USS Tang (SSN-805)
USS Wahoo (SSN-806)
USS Silversides (SSN-807)
USS John H. Dalton (SSN-808)
USS Long Island (SSN-809)
SSN-810
SSN-811
Posádka:
Crew:
132
15 důstojníků a 117 členů mužstva / 15 Officers and 117 NCOs & Enlisted
Technické údaje:
Technical Data:
 
Standardní výtlak:
Standard Displacement:
7173 t 7060 long tons
Plný výtlak:
Full Load Displacement:
- t - long tons
Výtlak pod hladinou:
Submerged Displacement:
7925 t 7800 long tons
Délka:
Length:
114,91 m 377 ft
Šířka:
Beam:
9,75 m 32 ft
Ponor:
Draught:
9,75 m 32 ft
Pohon:
Propulsion:
 
Typ:
Type:
1x jaderný reaktor General Electric S9G (210 MWt)
2x parní turbína
1x pomocný vznětový motor s generátorem
1x General Electric S9G Nuclear Reactor (210 MWt)
2x Steam Turbine
1x Auxiliary Diesel Engine with Generator
Výkon:
Power:
29828 kW při ? ot/min 40000 bhp at ? rpm
Šrouby:
Propellers:
11)
Zásoba paliva:
Fuel Load:
-2) t -2) long tons
Výkony:
Performance:
 
Rychlost na hladině:
Surfaced Speed:
37 km/h 20 kt
Rychlost pod hladinou:
Submerged Speed:
46,3+ km/h 25+ kt
Dosah na hladině:
Surfaced Range:
-2) km při rychlosti 37 km/h -2) nm at speed 20 kt
Dosah pod hladinou:
Submerged Range:
-2) km při rychlosti 46.3+ km/h -2) nm at speed 25+ kt
Maximální hloubka ponoření:
Maximum Depth:
610 m 2000 ft
Výzbroj a vybavení:
Armament and Equipment:
 
Výzbroj:
Armament:
4X torpédomet ráže 533 mm
- torpéda Mk-48 ADCAP
- protilodní řízené střely UGM-84D Harpoon
- miny Mk-60 CAPTOR


12x vertikální silo s řízenými střelami s plochou dráhou letu
- UGM-109C Tomahawk
- UGM-109D Tomahawk
- UGM-109E Tomahawk
4x 21-in Torpedo-tube
- Mark 48 ADCAP Torpedo
- UGM-84D Harpoon Anti-Ship Missile
- miny Mark 60 CAPTOR


12x VLS with Cruise Missiles
- UGM-109C Tomahawk
- UGM-109D Tomahawk
- UGM-109E Tactical Tomahawk
Vybavení:
Equipment:
AN/BPS-16(V)4 (navigační radar)


LWWAA (pasivní sonarová soustava)
TB-16 a TB-29A (sonarová vlečná pole)


AN/UIQ-70 (systém řízení a velení)
AN/WLY-1 (systém protiopatření)
AN/BQQ-10(V4) (systém řízení a vyhodnocení dat ze sonaru)
AN/BLQ-10(V) (systém pro vedení radioelektronického boje - ESM)
přijímač GPS
AN/BVS-1 (periskopy)
AN/BPS-16(V)4 (Navigation Radar)


LWWAA (Pasive Sonar Suit)
TB-16 a TB-29A (Towed Array)


AN/UIQ-70 (Command and Control System)
AN/WLY-1 (Countermeasure System)
AN/BQQ-10(V4) (Acoustic Rapid Commercial Off-The-Shelf Insertion)
AN/BLQ-10(V) (Electronic Warfare)
GPS Module
AN/BVS-1 (Periscopes)
Uživatelské státy:
User States:
Poznámka:
Note:
1) lodní šroub ukrytý v prstenci (systém "Pump-Jet-Propulser")
2) neomezený
1) Pump-Jet-Propulser
2) Unlimited
Zdroje:
Sources:
www.navy.mil
en.wikipedia.org
www.seaforces.org
https://www.navysite.de/ssn/ssn774.htm
www.globalsecurity.org
https://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08774.htm
https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/nssn/
https://www.gdeb.com/about/oursubmarines/virginia/
https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/nssn.htm
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL32418.pdf
Jane's Válečné Lodě (ISBN 80-7236-080-9)
Válečné Lodě Současnosti (ISBN 80-86215-81-4)
Ponorky - Válka pod vlnami (ISBN 978-80-206-0914-4)
Ponorky Současnosti (ISBN 978-80-87087-00-8)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/SSN-Virginia-t75603#278704 Version : 0

SSN - VIRGINIA




History


The first modern nuclear submarine design to be designed after the end of the Cold War, this is the Virginia class. It was with the end of the Cold War that the spending on the then-new Seawolf class, which was to gradually replace the Los Angeles class, came to full fruition. The total cost of building 1 submarine was then (but also today) a whopping $2.765 billion (year 1991), making it unthinkable to build a few dozen submarines of this class. In order not to waste the money spent, the construction of 3 Seawolf vessels was proceeded with, but at the same time the decision was made to launch a new competition for a submarine to replace the Los Angeles class.


The new vessel was no longer required to simply play the role of a classic SSN (i.e., pursuing enemy submarines), but the U.S. Navy wanted the most flexible vessel possible that could respond to any situation that arose. It was required that the vessel be able to operate in coastal (shallow) waters (which until the arrival of the Virginia class was the domain of diesel-electric submarines) as effectively as in the depths of the world's oceans, that the vessel have the capability to engage land-based targets (from torpedo tubes as well as vertical shafts), effective anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and anti-ship warfare, the ability to covertly conduct surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence (monitoring radio communications, ship movements, port traffic, etc.), mine-laying and mine-hunting, and to support Special Purpose Forces. These special operations were specified as search and rescue, reconnaissance, diversionary activities, fire control and guidance (i.e., in addition to the troops themselves, many materials and equipment had to be carried and sufficient communications equipment). All these objectives, which the new vessel was to be able to fulfil, did not pose any major problem. The most difficult for the designers was the brief, according to which the new class of submarines was to be designed with a view to a cost which was in no way to exceed that of the previous Seawolf class (in other words, it was to be cheaper).


The class was designed by a consortium of General Dynamics, Electric Boat Division (GDEB; incidentally, like most U.S. Navy nuclear submarines) in cooperation with Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), a part of the U.S. Navy. Thus, the first considerations for a next-generation vessel began in the first half of the 1990s. A few years later, in May 1995, the U.S. Navy approved a schedule that called for construction of the 1st vessel to begin in 1998, the 2nd in 2000, and construction of 2 vessels per year beginning in 2002. At that time, GDEB, with the assistance of NAVSEA, had already fully developed the new submarine project. However, another partner directly involved in the project, Newport New Shipbuilding (owned by the Northrop Grumman consortium), was brought in and construction was split between the two partners. A test platform was created, the LSV-2 Cutthroat, on which the vessel's external shapes and modern advanced technologies were tested (it is, among other things, the largest unmanned underwater vehicle). This happened just six months before construction of the submarine itself began. From it, the final form of the lead vessel, SSN-774 USS Virginia, was created, which would be followed by 29 more vessels, for a total of 30 submarines (so far, a contract for only 5 vessels has been signed, which was increased by 5 more submarines in 2004).


The construction of all the vessels is carried out using modern modular construction, whereby individual parts of the vessel (hull, equipment, etc.) are manufactured at several locations and then joined together as separate modules to form the final unit. This manufacturing concept significantly reduces construction costs, significantly speeds up the construction of the vessel and allows multiple companies (in this case primarily GD Electric Boat and Newport News) to participate in the construction of the vessel. There are 3 production batches of Virginia-class submarines (Batch 1, Batch 2 and Batch 3), consisting of a total of 5 production blocks ([i:Block I, Block II, Block III, Block IV and Block V). This rather complicated division has arisen because of the incorporation of new modern technologies into the vessels as they become operationally capable. This means that each new production block (Block) and especially production batch (Batch) will have more modern equipment. However, the vessels are being designed and built with an emphasis on the use of open architecture technology (not just electronics) and so the older vessels will also be upgraded to contemporary standards during more extensive servicing and dock inspections.


Because of its uniqueness, this class is also called NSSN (New SSN) or NAS (New Attack Submarine).


Description


At first glance, the Virginia class looks similar to its predecessor Seawolf class and Los Angeles class. However, they are similar only in shape. The Virginia class uses and will use the latest and most advanced systems and technologies (depending on the production run - Batch 1-3).


The vessel has an elongated drop-shaped hull with an emphasis on placing as little hydrodynamic drag as possible. However, there are a total of 6 side sonar arrays on the hull (3 on each side) and one of the sonar antennas under the bow, which protrude from the hull, making the hull not quite as smooth (like the Seawolf class submarines). The bow depth sounder is located forward on the hull and is retractable. The stern rudders are in the traditional + sign shape. Aft stabilisers are also present, which are one length forward of the rudders and have an inverted V shape.


The crew quarters are fully air-conditioned and consist of 14 officers and 120 enlisted men and women, for a total of 134 members of the United States Navy according to official U.S. Navy sources (according to other sources only 113). However, the vessel has the capacity to accommodate up to +/- 30 additional men (designed primarily for Special Forces SEALs). Normal patrol time is around 2 months (60-70 days).


Propulsion below and at the surface is provided by the advanced S9G pressurized water reactor (developed and manufactured by the General Electric consortium). This is a completely new generation, using the latest advances in metallurgy, engineering and nuclear power. This has made it possible to create a high-performance, low-maintenance reactor with a long service life. The fuel in the reactor will have to be replaced once every 33 years, i.e. the reactor including fuel has the same lifetime as the vessels themselves (reported in Naval History, August 2008)!! The S9G reactor is powered by 2 turbines. The total power of the propulsion system is 29.84 MW (40,000 horsepower). This is transmitted to a single propeller shaft terminated by a propeller hidden in a ring (Pump-Jet-Propulser system).


Like any other new weapon, this class is very well equipped with state-of-the-art electronic equipment. All this equipment is based on the principle of open architecture. Likewise, each new production run will have more advanced hardware and software and sensors. These will also be retrospectively implemented in older vessels at various stages of modernisation. The radio-electronic equipment includes the AN/BPS-16(V)4 (I-Band) navigation radar and the AN/BLQ-10(V) electronic warfare management (ESM) system. The sonar equipment includes a total of 10 sonar antennas. These include TB-16 and TB-29A passive sonar towed arrays. In addition, a system of 6 side scan sonar arrays (3 on each side of the vessel) referred to as LWWAA (Light-Weight Wide-Aperture Array). Vessels are also equipped with a massive hull-mounted active/passive sonar installed in the bow of the vessel, a small sonar in the so-called chin pod and a sonar located in the tower. All these sonars are of as yet undetected (or classified) designation. However, the system that controls and processes the data from all sonar antennas is known. It is AN/BQQ-10(V4). The vessels are equipped with a digital (digital) command and control system (CCSM - Command and Control Systems Module) with an open architecture, integrating and evaluating data from all ship subsystems and equipped with colour displays with a control panel, the AN/UIQ-70 system (or an improved system based on it). The combat control system is derived from the CCS Mk.2 (which is AN/BSY-1 for the Los Angeles and Sturgeon class submarines and AN/BSY-2 for the Seawolf class submarines) and AN/BYG-1 (Australian Collins class submarines). It is very likely that the SINS (Submarine/Ship Inertial Navigation System) or an upgraded variant of it and the GPS land navigation system are used. For satellite communication and data links, the super-shortwave and extreme-shortwave bands (SHF and EHF) are used, whose transmitters are located in the tower on 2 masts, the Sub HDR system (Submarine High Data Rate). Like every other submarine, this class is equipped with periscopes. However, their design is completely different from the periscopes used today. These are mounted on the vessel using NPH technology (Non-Penetration Hull) and are the first all-optical-electronic periscopes on U.S. Navy vessels (the image is transmitted on large color screens). They operate on the principle of LLTV cameras (Low-Light TV) and are also equipped with thermal imaging and laser rangefinder. These are two Kollmorgen periscopes designated AN/BVS-1. The vessels are equipped with the AN/WLY-1 acoustic countermeasure system.


The submarine's armament is concentrated, as is the case with all modern U.S. Navy submarines, in a forward pressure hull and consists of four standard 533mm torpedo tubes (from a general perspective, the torpedo tubes are located on the same axis as the turret, i.e. in the hull pointing obliquely off the vessel's axis). Vessels are armed with Mk.48 ADCAP torpedoes, UGM-84D Harpoon anti-ship cruise missiles and possibly modern mines Mk.60 CAPTOR for a maximum total of 26 pieces (mostly torpedoes and cruise missiles). In the bow, forward of the pressure hull, there are a total of 12 vertical launch tubes (VLT - Vertical Launch Tubes) with UGM-109C TLAM-C or UGM-109D TLAM-D cruise missiles of UGM-109E TacTom flight (probably a combination of all 3 mentioned types, allowing flexible response to sudden situations).


Unlike the conversions that took place on the SSN-776 USS Charlotte and SSN-772 USS Greeneville (Los Angeles-class)or the Ohio-class (SSGN)), each Virginia-class vessel is equipped as standard with a section with an airlock designed for SEALs or U.S. reconnaissance units.S. Marine Corps and some storage capacity for their equipment. These are located, among other things, in boxes on the sides of the tower. Additionally, the vessel can carry an ASDS (Advanced SEAL Delivery System) mini-submarine for transporting the aforementioned units.


The vessels should also carry the LMRS (Long-term Mine Reconnaissance System). These include two 6m autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and an 18m robotic arm. This entire suite (including electronics) is primarily used for mine reconnaissance and detection.


The information as well as the images below were (are) taken from websites and books:
https://www.gdeb.com/; https://www.fas.org/; https://www.wikipedia.org/; https://navysite.de/; https://www.globalsecurity.org/; https://www.hazegray.org/; https://www.military.cz/; https://www.navy.mil/
Jane′s Warships (ISBN 80-7236-080-9); Warships of Today (ISBN 80-86215-81-4); Submarines - War Under the Waves (ISBN 978-80-206-0914-4); Submarines of Today (ISBN 978-80-87087-00-8); Modern Submarines (ISBN 80-7180-291-3); Warships 5 (ISBN 80-206-0414-6)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/SSN-Virginia-t75603#278705 Version : 0

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V roku 2019 bola uzatvorená zmluva na výstavbu 9 ponoriek triedy Virginia patriacich do série Block V s opciou na desiaty kus. 8 z týchto 9 ponoriek má mať predĺžený trup čo je spôsobené integráciou nového úseku trupu (Virginia Payload Module) s 28 vertikálnymi šachtami pre rakety Tomahawk. Tento úsek umožňuje ponorkám nosiť 40 rakiet Tomahawk pripravených na použitie. Dňa 19.03.2021 informovalo US Navy o využití opcie na 10 ponorku tohto výrobného bloku. Aj táto ponorka má byť vybavevená týmto nákaldovým modulom a celková hodnota objednávky sa zvýši na 24,1 miliardy dolárov. Objednávka 10 ponorky Block V zároveň umožní udržať predpokladané tempo výstavby ponoriek v počte 2 ponorky za rok.

Zdroj: www.defensenews.com
URL : https://www.valka.cz/SSN-Virginia-t75603#664972 Version : 0
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