BB - Jašima (1896)

Jashima
八島 / やしま
Jašima
Species: Battleship
Class: Fuji
State: Japan
Establishing hernia: 28. 12. 1894
Run to the water: 28. 2. 1896
Yard: Armstrong Whitworth & Co., Elswick (GBR)
Completion: 9. 9. 1897
withdrawn from service: 15. 5. 1904 (sunk by a Russian mine)

Length: 125,5 m (the most common indication, furthermore, appears 114, 125, 126 m)
Width: 22,3 m (placed and 22,4 m)
Draught: 8,1 m (placed and 8.0 m)
Displacement: 12 320 t (occasionally referred to also 12 533 t - he had a sister Fuji)
Crew: 637 men (referred to occasionally also 726 or 741 men)

Propulsion: 2 trojčinné expansion steam engines (VTE), 13 500 shp (quite rarely mentioned 14 500 hp), 2 screws
Boiler: 14 (completely sporadically placed and 10 boilers - you had a sister Fuji)
Fuel: 1 200 t of coal
Speed: 18,5 knots (the most common, referred to the different max. speed in the range 18,0-19,2 node)
Range: 7 000 miles at a speed of 10 knots (occasionally referred to 4, 000 miles)

Armament:
4 x II x 305/40 Armstrong (12 inches 40cal Elswick G 1894? Twin)
10 x x 152/40 (6 inches 40cal QF Mk I II III Single)
24 x x 47/50 (47mm 50cal 3pdr Hotchkiss Mk I And II Single)
5 x 450 TT (4 nadvodní, 1 podhladinový)

Pancéř:
hips 356-456 mm
deck 62 mm
towers 230-356 mm
casemate 50-152 mm
the conning tower 356 mm

History:
Battleship Yashima was the second ship of the class Fuji of the imperial japanese navy and one of the six battleships that formed the backbone of the japanese naval forces in the russo-japanese war from the years 1904-1905. Yashima had a very short career, since her service lasted less than seven years.

Yashima and her sister ship Fuji were the first two type battleship predreadnought built for Japan, which is ordered according to the plan FY1893 as a counterweight to the two chinese battleships built in Germany. Because Japan at that time was not able to build large, modern warships, turned on his former allies and a naval superpower, Great Britain. So was i Yashima commissioned by the british firm of Armstrong Whitworth in the Elswicku, and 1894. With the exception of some of the details below the waterline (sharper much a sharp keel to the helm) was Yashima completely identical to its sister ships.

Craft class Fuji was for its time a mighty war ships, armed with four 305 mm guns in dvojhlavňových towers and ten of the 152mm guns in separate protected positions, were excellently protected Harvey nickel-plating of steel and with a speed of 18.5 knots (Yashima is known for even reaching the speed of 19,2 node on the tests) were faster than most of their counterparts in other countries.

The ships design was based on the british class Sovereign's armed with cannon caliber 343 mm. Japanese ships instead of them carried as the main armament of smaller, but more powerful guns of 305 mm, which at that time began to assert itself as the standard heavy guns predreadnoughtů. Saved weight was used to increase armor protection. Although she was a vessel of the class Fuji is smaller than the british ships of classes Sovereign's or the (then latest) Majestic, still it was the most powerful vessel in the Pacific and their entry into the service he made to a corresponding reaction of the engineers of the british, Russian and american battleships designed for service in this area.

Of unquestionably the top-level ships of class Fuji perhaps evidenced by the fact that their creator is a genius, the british boat designer, Sir Philip Watts, which changed the history of naval warfare construction of the battleship Dreadnought (1906) and is inter alia also the author of the famous class of british battleships, Queen Elizabeth.

Service
Yashima (i.e., an ancient poetic name for Japan) was its owner passed in 1897 and was included in the 1. section 1. the division, commanded by rear admiral Tokioki Nashiba.

In the years 1900 and 1901 has been on both ships of the class Fuji enhanced lightweight armor, where sixteen of the twenty-four 47 mm guns was replaced by the same number of 76mm guns (3in 40cal 12pdr 12cwt QF PI PI* Single). Before the outbreak of the russo-japanese war were approved further modernization of the work, but the details, unfortunately, are not known.

The outbreak of the war ships of the class Fuji classic "predeadnoughtové" color scheme with the dominant white, pale yellow chimneys and black fittings. During the war, got the hull, stacks, and masts of a dark gray color similar to the known "IJN gray" from 2. world war ii, while the color bodies and the works were painted in a light gray.

Russo-japanese war
Yashima has already taken part in the initial conflict for the main Russian naval base of Port Arthur, when after a surprise japanese night attack on Russian ships in the night from 8. to 9. February 1904 tried the japanese commander in chief admiral Togo to lure the Russian squadron from the base and destroy it. Gunfire from heavy guns, however, despite the slight damage to a number of ships ended without any significant result, since the weakening of the Russians remained under the protection of the coastal batteries and firing at a great distance was mutually quite inaccurate.

Another clash at Port Arthur followed by 10. march, when the Japanese took advantage of the low tide, which the Russians made it impossible to sail. Japanese 1. section battleships, then Hatsuse, Shikishima and Yashima, he quickly approached to the enemy base and opened fire from the heavy guns of the upper group of angles on the Russian vessels inside the port. After 2.5 hrs gunnery were the japanese battleships replaced by 2. section. On target space, i.e. the inner circle of the port, worked out a total of 154 shells of a caliber of 305 mm, but again, without much result (damaged cruiser Askold).

The re-enactment of the event the Japanese tried to 22. march, this time, however, ran into resistance. After battleships Fuji and Yashima opened fire on the harbor, responded to them the Russian battleships Retvizan and Poběda, and the Russian squadron set sail at 12:30 on the outer circle, which, together with the intervention and damage to the Fuji made surprised the Japanese to retreat.

Yashima in action 13. April, 1904, when the mere presence of the japanese main forces before Port Arthur chased off guard by the Russian squadron back to port. In the return calling of the Russian ships into the japanese minefield. Flagship battleship Petropavlovsk after hovering on a mine sank even with the 649 men of the crew (including the commander in chief of the Russian Pacific squadron, admiral Stěpana About. Makarova), the battleship Poběda was with heavy damage, saved. For the Russians represented a loss of Petropavlovsku, and the death of the commanding admiral of the worst calamity since the beginning of the fighting, but also a distinct lesson in the leadership of the naval war. This led to the measures whose victims, among others became the japanese battleship Yashima.

the Last action
14. may 1904 rear-admiral Nashiba set sail with the battleships Hatsuse (flagship), Shikishima and Yashima, cruiser Kasagi and recon vessel Tatsuta to support the japanese forces blocking Port Arthur. In the morning 15. may 1904 came the squadron to Encounter Rock and continued northwest, about 15 miles from Port Arthur. Here Nashiba launched a patrol line north-east from the mouth of the harbor. This course brought him into a minefield laid by the Russian minonoskou Amur. At 10:50 run Hatsuse on a land mine. Yashima, that in an effort to save the crew risked and approached the disaster site, hit a mine just a few minutes later. Both battleships were lost, Hatsuse sank after the explosion of the other mines, as well as with the 496 mariners (336 men were rescued, including admiral) and Yashima when you try to pull at the base of Sasebo capsized and sank within a few minutes even with the 450 crew members (positions 38°34'N; 121°40'E). It was one of the largest japanese disasters during the russo-japanese war.

The loss of the Yashimy, the Japanese managed to conceal, as to her sinking occurred out of sight of the shore. Russian planners so with this battleship continues to count. Her loss was published after the end of fighting on 1. June 1905.

As a substitute they were still in 1904 in Great Britain ordered warships Kashima and Katori.

Crew
Chief liaison officer
24. 07. 1896 - 11. 12. 1896 sea captain Arima Shinichi
Liaison officers
24. 07. 1896 - 30. 11. 1896 lieutenant Wada Kensuke
24. 07. 1896 - 11. 12. 1896 lieutenant Miyaji Sadatoki
07. 12. 1896 - 11. 12. 1896 lieutenant Mori Yoshiomi
07. 12. 1896 - 11. 12. 1896 ensign Hiraga Tokutaro
07. 12. 1896 - 01. 04. 1898 ensign, from 01.12.1897 ensign Hyakutake Saburo
07. 12. 1896 - 11. 12. 1896 (engineer-) ensign Hiratsuka Tamotsu
07. 12. 1896 - 11. 12. 1896 ensign Sakamoto Noritoshi

Masters of the ship
11. 12. 1896 - 30. 11. 1897 sea captain Arima Shinichi
27. 12. 1897 - 02. 11. 1898 sea captain Kataoka Shichiro
02. 11. 1898 - 17. 06. 1899 sea captain Uchida Masatoshi
17. 06. 1900 - 06. 07. 1901 sea captain Shimazaki Yoshitada
06. 07. 1901 - 24. 05. 1902 sea captain Tanya Hiroo
23. 10. 1902 - 27. 10. 1903 sea captain Iwasaki Tatsuto
27. 10. 1903 - 31. 08. 1904 sea captain Sakamoto Hajime
the First officers
27. 12. 1897 - 01. 10. 1898 commander Kato Tomozaburo
01. 10. 1898 - 17. 06. 1899 commander Sakamoto Hajime
17. 06. 1899 - 29. 09. 1899 commander Takeuchi Heitaro
12. 01. 1900 - 15. 05. 1900 frigate captain Yashiro Rokuro
15. 05. 1900 - 01. 09. 1900 frigate captain Wada Kensuke
01. 09. 1900 - 13. 03. 1902 frigate captain RNagai Gunkichi
10. 05. 1902 - 01. 11. 1902 frigate captain Mori Yoshitaro
12. 04. 1903 - 12. 01. 1905 commander Sekino Kenkichi
flight engineer
13. 09. 1900 - 04. 05. 1901 (engineer-a) lt, from 25. 09. 1900 (engineer-) lieutenant commander Egoshi Kotaro
Navigation officers
19. 06. 1899 - 26. 09. 1899 frigate captain Ishibashi Hajime
29. 09. 1899 - 04. 02. 1903 frigate captain Yamasumi Tarozo
them are artillery officers
11. 12. 1896 - 01. 12. 1897 the lieutenant, from 18. 02. 1897 lieutenant commander Wada Kensuke
29. 09. 1899 - 20. 05. 1900 lieutenant commander Yamanaka Shibakichi
20. 05. 1900 - 12. 04. 1903 lieutenant commander, from 25. 09. 1900 commander Sekino Kenkichi
Torpédometní officers
11. 12. 1896 - 30. 11. 1897 lieutenant Miyaji Sadatoki
14. 10. 1902 - 01. 12. 1902 lieutenant commander Mukai Yaichi
Masters men
11. 12. 1896 - 27. 11. 1897 lieutenant Mori Yoshiomi
27. 11. 1897 - 19. 10. 1898 the lieutenant, from 28. 06. 1898 lieutenant commander Yamada Naranosuke
01. 12. 1897 - 29. 04. 1898 ensign, from 27. 12. 1897 lieutenant Hiraga Tokutaro
01. 12. 1897 - 09. 06. 1898 (engineer-) ensign, from 27. 12. 1897 (engineer) lieutenant Hiratsuka Tamotsu
01. 10. 1898 - 03. 12. 1898 lieutenant Takeuchi Shigetoshi
03. 12. 1898 - 21. 12. 1898 lieutenant Taniguchi, Naomi
23. 01. 1899 - 07. 03. 1900 lieutenant Kato Yujiro
04. 12. 1899 - 20. 05. 1900 lieutenant commander Yamanaka Shibakichi
21. 12. 1899 - 20. 05. 1900 lieutenant Kanemaru Kiyotsugu
07. 03. 1900 - 20. 05. 1900 lieutenant Nakamura Masaki
13. 08. 1900 - 06. 12. 1900 lieutenant Shinozaki Shinsuke
14. 10. 1902 - 01. 12. 1902 lieutenant commander Mukai Yaichi
03. 02. 1903 - 31. 08. 1904 lieutenant Harada Shosaku
12. 04. 1903 - 26. 09. 1903 lieutenant Miyaji Tamisaburo
28. 12. 1903 - 16. 05. 1904 (engineer-a) lieutenant commander Hiratsuka Tamotsu
11. 07. 1904 - 12. 01. 1905 ensign, from 13. 07. 1904 lieutenant Murakoshi Hachiro
12. 11. 1904 - 27. 12. 1904 ensign Watanabe Tamaki
Team
11. 12. 1896 - 30. 11. 1897 ensign Hiraga Tokutaro
11. 12. 1896 - 01. 04. 1898 ensign, from 01. 12. 1897 ensign Hyakutake Saburo
11. 12. 1896 - 01. 12. 1897 (engineer-) ensign Hiratsuka Tamotsu
11. 12. 1896 - 30. 11. 1897 ensign Sakamoto Noritoshi
26. 11. 1897 - 22. 03. 1899 mariner, from 01. 04. 1898 ensign Yamamoto Eisuke
26. 12. 1897 - 01. 10. 1898 mariner, from 01. 04. 1898 ensign Osumi Mineo
14. 01. 1898 - 09. 11. 1898 ensign Yasumura Sukeichi
09. 06. 1898 - 02. 11. 1898 ensign Tojo Meiji
27. 09. 1898 - 15. 05. 1900 mariner, from 01. 02. 1899 ensign Yamanashi Katsunoshin
27. 09. 1898 - 12. 01. 1900 mariner, from 01. 02. 1899 ensign Tosa Tamaki
13. 01. 1899 - 29. 09. 1899 ensign Masaki Yoshimoto
01. 05. 1899 - 29. 09. 1899 ensign Katsuki Genjiro
02. 09. 1899 - 01. 05. 1901 the sailor, from 12. 01. 1900 ensign Nomura Kichisaburo
02. 09. 1899 - 27. 02.1 900 the sailor, from 12. 01. 1900 ensign Yutani Kenzo
06. 08. 1900 - 06. 12. 1900 sailor Kanesaka Takashi
06. 08. 1900 - 06. 12. 1900 sailor Odera Ryokichi
18. 01. 1901 - 13. 05. 1902 ensign Odera Ryokichi
10. 02. 1902 - 12. 09. 1902 ensign Usagawa Tomoyoshi
23. 01. 1903 - 24. 07. 1903 ensign Matsumoto Takumi
01. 08. 1903 - 12. 11. 1904 ensign, from 26. 09. 1903 ensign Watanabe Tamaki
08. 09. 1903 - 28. 12. 1903 sailor Canoe Saburo
08. 09. 1903 - 27. 12. 1904 the sailor, from the 28. 12. 1903 ensign Morita Minoru
04. 01. 1904 - 23. 05. 1904 sailor Hasegawa Kiyoshi
04. 01. 1904 - 22. 05. 1904 sailor Fujiyoshi Akira
04. 01. 1904 - 23. 05. 1904 sailor Ikenaka Kenichi
04. 01. 1904 - 05. 03. 1904 sailor Isumi Kizo

Sources:
008.upp.so-net.no.jp; 13.ocn.no.jp; battleships.ru; dirkcordes.de; en.wikipedia.org; glosk.com; home.att.net; homepage2.nifty.com; j-aircraft.com; modellshipgallery.com; navalhistory.flixco.info; nihonkaigun.modellmarine.de; paolopizzi.com; reference.com; russojapanesewar.com; steelnavy.com; web.ukonline.what.uk; zhang.zuolin.en.wikivx.biz;
HYNEK, IN. - BOY, P. 1986: warships 2. Between the crimean and the russo-japanese war. Prague..
BB - Jašima (1896) - Model bitevní lodi Yashima ve válečném zbarvení. Via paolopizzi.com.

Model bitevní lodi Yashima ve válečném zbarvení. Via paolopizzi.com.
BB - Jašima (1896) - Yashima kolem roku 1900. Via paolopizzi.com.

Yashima kolem roku 1900. Via paolopizzi.com.
BB - Jašima (1896) - Yashima po vstupu do služby, 1897. Via wikipedia.org.

Yashima po vstupu do služby, 1897. Via wikipedia.org.
BB - Jašima (1896) - Yashima po dokončení u Swing Bridge v Newcastlu, září 1897. Via maritimequest.com.

Yashima po dokončení u Swing Bridge v Newcastlu, září 1897. Via maritimequest.com.
BB - Jašima (1896) - Yashima při spouštění na vodu, 28.2.1896. Miniatura via battleships-cruisers.co.uk.

Yashima při spouštění na vodu, 28.2.1896. Miniatura via battleships-cruisers.co.uk.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/BB-Jasima-1896-t58662#211962 Version : 0
Before the era of computer simulations, the designers were forced to produce accurate models of the ships on which they were tested their properties. Detailed models of the proposed ships were also showcased to the potential customers.

The original model of the battleship Yashima still exists today, is therefore already more than one hundred and ten years old. It is exposed in the lobby of the Royal Hospital School in Holbrook near Ipswich in the county of Suffolk. On a plaque (see fotopříloha) is referred to "Japanese armor Yashima, speed 19 1/4-node, built by Sir W.G. Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ld., Elswick, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Designed by Sir Philip Watts, KCB, FRS etc.".
BB - Jašima (1896) - Plaketa u modelu bitevní lodi Yashima. Via rhsa.net.

Plaketa u modelu bitevní lodi Yashima. Via rhsa.net.
BB - Jašima (1896) - Model bitevní lodi Yashima. Via rhsa.net.

Model bitevní lodi Yashima. Via rhsa.net.
BB - Jašima (1896) - Celkový pohled na model bitevní lodi Yashima. Via rhsa.net.

Celkový pohled na model bitevní lodi Yashima. Via rhsa.net.
URL : https://www.valka.cz/BB-Jasima-1896-t58662#214177 Version : 0
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