Srebrenica 1995

After the fall of the communist dictatorships to the early 90's. years 20. century began to crumble and the Federal federative republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ). The large Serbian minorities living for generations outside the territory of the parent of Serbia with the SFRY concurred, refused to become citizens of the newly formed republics, and to enforce their requirements didn't hesitate to resort even to armed rebellion.

Leaving Slovenia was, at least by balkan standards relatively calmly, killing a few dozen people. The fierce fighting started in Croatia, where strong Serbian minority ( about 500 000 inhabitants ) occupied with the help of the yugoslav federal army whose officer corps was made up of mostly Serbs, about one third of Croatia and proclaimed the here anyone unrecognized so-called Republic of Serbian Krajina.

The greatest tragedy, however, befell the neighbouring Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1. march 1992 to 63% of the citizens in a referendum decided in favour of an independent and sovereign Bosnia and Herzegovina, president Alija Izetbegović 6. march 1992 actually declared suveréním state. Bosnian Serbs constituting about a third of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina reacted to this 8.April 1992 announcement of the Bosnian republika Srpska on the territories they controlled. With the help of the federal army to the rebel Serbs managed to occupy up to 70 % of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The bloodiest atrocities took place in the východobosenských muslim enclaves. The majority ethnicity in eastern Bosnia were the bosnian Muslims, who e.g. in Srebrenica consisted of 75% of the population. After the initial successes of the Serbs supported by the federal army and paramilitary units from Serbia and montenegro took over the military command of the Srebrenicí controversial Naser Orić. Under the command of this former member of the special police units in Belgrade ( paradoxically worked his way up to the security guard, Slobodan Milosevic) to the Muslims from spring 1992 to January 1993 have managed to ethnically clean almost the entire Srebrenickou opštinu. During the assault on the Serb-controlled territory, killed its soldiers, hundreds of Serbian civilians. It was burned on 50 Serbian villages (such as Bjelovac, Zalazje ,Glogovo, Brežani ). Muslim guerrillas proven to torture and kill and innocent civilians, for which he carried Orić a minimum of command and sometimes even a direct responsibility. The hatred of the local Serbs to Muslinům still increased. Muslims temporarily managed to combine the corridors of the enclave Kamenice, Cerskou, Srebrenica and Žepu.

In early 1993, rebounded bosenskosrbská army attacks the Croats and Muslims in the strategic posávský corridor in Brćka and with the loose units of the conquered with the support of heavy weapons Kamenice, Cerskou and Konjević Polje. Tens of thousands of Muslims from these cities fled to Srebrenica. In this enclave measuring 10 times 15 km stuck on 50 000 people.

States that arose on the territory of the former Yugoslavia as a rule, refused to punish the perpetrators of bloody violence, because it is the residents of the various ethnic groups was considered a national hero. The unsc therefore 22. February 1993 resolution 808 established the International criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) based in the Hague, the netherlands, which had the culprits punished and the potential perpetrator from further acts of violence to deter.

The desperate situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina responded to the united nations security council 16. April 1993 resolution 819, which declared Srebrenica a so-called safe zone ( later they were safe zones announced and Sarajevo, Bihać, Tuzla, Žepa and Goražde ). Srebrenica was supposed to be demilitarizována. Muslims should be disarmed and the Serbs should withdraw to a distance of 1.5 km from the border of the enclave and put their heavy weapons under the control of UNPROFOR. However, alone the UN the situation has been complicated further by resolution 836 of 4. June 1993, where in article 5 it was argued that the UN soldiers are to supervise the downloading of all military and paramilitary units, with the exception of the government of the bosnian army !! The action of the armed military divisions of the Muslims was in conflict with the earlier resolutions on demilitarisation and the bosnian Serbs have responded by ignoring their obligations.

Themselves the soldiers of the united nations made the disarmament of the government forces in Srebrenica really šalamounsky. Vaguely favourable resolution adapted so that with the demilitarization applied only to the city of Srebrenica and the bosnian soldiers just out of the city they moved to another place in the enclave and disarmament and avoid. In the Srebrenica Muslims surrendered 2 tanks and 1 transporter, which still had fuel and ammunition and a few dozen museum trustees of small arms.

From 3. march 1994 here replaced temporarily placed Canadians elite paratroopers from the Netherlands. Their contingent right in Srebrenica numbered 570 soldiers. The main base of the Dutch happened to potočari act of genocide in the northeast of the enclave ( 3. a company of DUTCHBAT ), other then Srebrenica ( 2. a company of DUTCHBAT ). Around the perimeter of the enclave have set up a system of observation posts. From the very beginning of the mission, members of DUTCHBAT conflicts as the Serbs with the Muslims. The supply of the Dutch led after the roads controlled by the local Serbs, who supply convoys arbitrarily withheld. The lack of fuel and preventing the rotation of the soldiers of the DUTCHBAT contingent of paralyzed and culminating in the captivity of 70 of the Dutch as hostages after the raid, NATO aircraft in the air and a missile base in Udbine in the rebel Republic of Serbian Krajina in Croatia. Hostage was a hundred Dutch and in muslim captivity, when they wanted to members of the DUTCHBAT monitor, who is responsible for the growing intensity of the clashes between Serbs and Muslims. The bosnian government army also abused the status of peacekeepers in the enclave and led to the firing raids on the Serbian line from close proximity to the units of DUTCHBAT in an apparent attempt to engage them in actions against the Serbs.

In srebrenické enclave was stationed part of the 28. division of the bosnian army ( of about 1 500 soldiers of the regular army plus militia, a total of 3 - 4 000 militants ), and because the activities impose on the perimeter of the enclave block a mere one thousand local Serbs under Drinský corps of the bosnian serb army, penetrated the muslim commandos fairly easily through the Serbian lines and attacked the territory under the control of the bosnian Serbs, who in vain protested against, according to them, the indolent Dutch soldiers.

In the late spring of 1995, the situation in the former Yugoslavia began to deteriorate. It was evident that in the near future will be the sanctions of the exhausted Serbs face a massive coordinated offensive of the united armies of Croatia, the army of bosnian Croats ( HVO ) and the government of the bosnian, mainly muslim army. Before these ofenzívami with the bosnian Serbs in cold blood decided to dispose of východobosenské enclave and it in any way. Dutch these intentions knew, but they thought that Serbs do not currently have available the required number of units for such action. The accumulation units of the bosnian serb army in the enclave to uncover.

6. July 1995 launched the bosnian Serbs offensive Krivaja 95 and in order to destroy the srebrenickou enclave proceed from the south-east at Srebrenica. Warning the shooting forced the Dutch vyklizovat observation post on the perimeter of the enclave. Their cautious approach from only one direction to confuse the Dutch soldiers, who thought that this is only a local attack in order to occupy strategic communication in the south of the enclave. The commander of the Dutch in Srebrenica, even his superiors, considered the deployment of the air force, but from the fear of Serbian retaliation against the lightly armed members of the DUTCHBAT so far the support didn't ask. Were you aware that the mere bombing of the weapons that directly shooting at the DUTCHBAT is not enough and that it would be necessary to eliminate several dozen palpostů around the enclave, whose position would, of course, it was necessary to first re-locate . 9. July captured the Serb village Pusmulići about 2 km from Srebrenica. Members of the DUTCHBAT received the order to block access roads to Srebrenica and, where appropriate, to attacking the Serbs open fire. Several such habitats, while the Dutch have set up, but the forces for effective action against the attackers didn't have. The serbs are a direct attack on the DUTCHBAT avoided and the Dutch prefer from possible encirclement usoupili into Srebrenica, which began in panic to flee the civilian population. The refugees were heading to the northeast, into the potočari act of genocide. At that time, finally got the Dutch troops air support. Instead of the bombing of the required 40 goals, however, there was one air raid two Dutch F-16, which target led the Dutch commandos and british SAS. Pilots reported 1 destroyed and 1 damaged tank. After the raid, threatened the Serbs the execution of captured Dutch soldiers and the intense fire on the crowds of refugees in potočari act of genocide. Air attacks were stopped.

In the evening 11. July 1995 the Serbs, Srebrenica was conquered. About 25,000 civilians have fled to the main base of DUTCHBAT in potočari act of genocide. 12. July place came himself supreme commander of the bosnian serb army, general Ratko Mladic. The Dutch under duress released muslim civilians to the Serbs. The place is within a short went over 60 buses and trucks, which is indicative of thorough preparation for the murder. The serbs separated the men and older boys from women. The women were deported to bosnian government-controlled Kladanje. The slaughter of men began at potočari act of genocide, but it was "only" about individuals or groups. The men were taken to the Bratunace, to determine whether among them there are war zočinci. 13. July was potočari act of genocide blank.

A cruel fate awaited even on the part of the soldiers, members of back paramilitary units and civilians, who fled after the entry of the Serbs into Srebrenica in the hills above the city. In the emotional climate have debated whether to fight or try to pass through the Serbian line on the territory controlled by the bosnian government. Finally they decided to retreat.

In the night from 11. 12. July in the northwest of the enclave in the area between the villages of Šušnjari and Jaglići gathered 15 000 men and the families of prominent muslim commanders. The direction of the leakage was practically the only one. From the south followed the attacking Serbs, in the west near the border with Serbia was rozestaveno artillery and mortars of the bosnian serb army. A straight course to the west would have led the column of refugees dangerously close to one of the most important foundation of the bosnian serb army in Vlasenici. Procedure through the Serbian lines, therefore led not to the northwest to Cerské and Konjevići. The vanguard, consisting of the regular army passed virtually without a fight.

On the second sequence of the refugee columns 12. July ambushed Serbs on the road connecting Bratunac and Konjevići, which had refugees trying to escape to overcome. On the road to put the Serbian infantry supported by tanks and armored carriers. The group of Muslims in the woods, launched a violent fire and at the same time, megaphones called on to surrender. Many of those who surrendered, were shot immediately after they left the forest. On the site of the surgery in addition to the regular bosnian serb army and paramilitary volunteer units from Serbia, reports such as the notorious Tigers Željka Ražnatoviče alias Arkan. Muslim men and boys were after the groups being drafted and slaughtered. Their bodies rest in mass graves scattered throughout the territory of the enclave. The majority of Muslims, although this slaughter survived and was taken away to concentration camps, but their fate was already sealed. Their who faith fellow survived only a few days.

The forehead of the column of muslim soldiers and refugees that passed through the road before the lockup, brought virtually the only major firefight. 14. July, thousands of muslim militants clashed in Liplje with třísetčleným section of the bosnian Serbs. After two-hour battle muslim militants from Srebrenica broke through the Serbian lines and a day later in the Križevići teamed up with a forward unit of the government of the army and went through the territory controlled bosnian government. A member of the unit, which helped srebrenickým refugees to break through the Serbian lines was Naser Orić, which was in April 1995 surprisingly from Srebrenica shipped out.

Those who failed to pass waiting for a cruel fate. 13. July spotted the Dutch on the soccer field in the village of Nova Kasaba, about a thousand prisoners, who then disappeared. The footage, which purchased later american spy plane, and that we had the opportunity to see in the Czech television, revealed on the part of field fresh soil, a mass grave.

About the massacre at Pilice, which occurred 16. July 1995, filed before the ICTY, the bosnian Croat Drazen Erdemović, at that time a member of the osmdesátičlenné 10. sabotage unit of the bosnian serb army. A hit squad of which he was a member of the strengthened alcohol was gunned down by the 1 200 Muslims, who were in the meantime detained in Bratunaci. Alone Erdemović has confessed to killing about 70 people, for which the hague tribunal, taking into account his position as the Croat in the republika srpska army ( Erdemović claimed, if he refused to execute would be himself killed ), was sentenced to 7 years in prison.

The number of victims of the srebrenica massacre will never be exactly detected. In the register of missing persons from Srebrenica was in 1996, nearly 6 500 people.
In the fall of 1995 faced a bosenskosrbská army strong offensive of united croat and muslim forces in western Bosnia ( at that time was the Republic of Serbian Krajina swept away by the offensive Storm of the Croatian army ) and it was clear that the Serbs are the forces at the ends, and therefore, the command decided to sweep the track after the massacre. The victims were exhumed and buried elsewhere. These new graves were found e.g. in Liplje, Čančari or Jadaru. In may 2 000, it was picked up in 1866 of the victims and the other 2 571 found waiting for the exhumation. Another interim number, from July 2005, it is even more horrible. It was exhumed about 5 000 mtrvých bodies. Using the DNA test, was identified about 2 000 victims.

His victims are added together and the Serbs. According to their data came in around srebrenické enclave in the years 1992-1995 on the life of 3 of 262 people, including women and children. The largest loss of life reports the bosnian Serbs in the period Orićem led by the muslim offensives in the years 1992-1993.

21. November 1995 he was in the u.s. Dayton, Ohio, peace between Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbia and Montenegro ). 23. November was the terms of peace forced to accept even the leaders of the Bosnian republic Serbian.

The ICTY marked the massacre in Srebrenica as genocide. So far, the highest-ranking bosenskosrbským officer convicted for genocide in Srebrenica, general Radislav Krstić, commander of the Drinského corps of the bosnian serb army, who led the attack on Srebrenica. The original sentence of 46 years in prison he was by the court of appeal , by reason only of aiding and abetting genocide, reduced to 35 years in jail. Krstić in the Hague svaloval all the blame on general Mladic. With the passage of time they stood before the tribunal in the Hague on charges. Lawfully convicted were lieutenant colonel Dragan Obrenović, at the time of srebenické the genocide of the chief of staff of the 1. zvornické infantry brigade of the bosnian serb army who was sentenced to 17 years in prison. To the next have been convicted of include other bosenskosrbští officers Momir Nikolic ( 27 years in prison ), Vidoje Blagojevič ( 18 years imprisonment ) and Dragan Jokic ( 9 years in prison ). The ICTY saves even the case of the muslim commander of the Nasera Oriće.

Currently in the Hague preparing a joint process with nine bosnian Serbs, among them will be, for the time being in the absence ( not been caught ), tried also the general Zdravko Tolimir, intelligence and security advisor to the supreme commander of the bosnian serb army of general Ratko Mladic. However, as Mladic, so the president of Bosnia's republika Srpska Radovan Karadzic are on the run from justice. Before the court is responsible, inter alia, from the srebrenické genocide, former yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic, but so far this guilt has failed to clearly prove it.

In Srebrenica today, they live almost exclusively bosnian Serbs. Many of them are refugees from areas under the government of the muslim-Croatian federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Muslim exiles from Srebrenica, however, continued to elect their representative to the leadership of the city. This leads to a paradoxical situation. In the city, where now the Serbs live, they have at city hall, half of the representatives of the Muslims.

Source: Jan Willem Honig, Norbert Both - Srebrenica, report on war crime
internet: www. news.cz
www.ct24.cz.
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Počátkem června 2005 srbské úřady oznámily zadžení 8. mužů, kteří se aktivně účastnili vyvražd'ování muslinů poblíž Srebrenice v roce 1995. Šlo o příslušníky polovojenské jednotky srbského ministerstva vnitra Škorpioni, kteří byli zachyceni na amatérském videofilmu. Film byl v roce 2004 nalezen v Bosně. Na amatérských záběrech je vidět šest mladých muslimů jak vystupují z nákladního auta s rukama spoutanýma za zády. Čtyři byli z blízkosti zezadu zastřeleni, zbylí dva odtáhli mrtvé do blízké stodoly, kde byli poté také zastřeleni.
Film byl předložen haagskému soudu.
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Pro celkovou orientaci - fronta v červnu 1995
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Srebrenica-1995-t28958#110858 Version : 0
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