Micubiši Ki 46 Šin Šintei [Dinah]

Mitsubishi Ki-46 Shin Shintei - přehled verzí
Mitsubishi Ki-46 - an overview of the versions

Japanese name: Shin Shintei

Allied code name: Dinah

一〇〇式司令部偵察機 / Ichi rei rei-shiki shirei-bu teisatsu-ki / army reconnaissance aircraft type 100

The technical department of the imperial army air force commissioned the development of a strategic reconnaissance aircraft factory Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha at the end of the year 1937, it is the year of the introduction into service of the aeroplane Mitsubishi Ki-15 . The main designer Tomio Cuba proposes a twin-engine aircraft.

Mitsubishi Ki-46-I
- two engines, the Mitsubishi Ha-26-I on the performance of 900 hp. The first take-off November 1939, good features, but the performance fell far short of expectations - max. the speed of 540 km/h.

Mitsubishi Ki-46-II
- after the installation of new engines Mitsubishi Ha-102 performance 1 055 horses, with no conditions to meet, it says march 1941.

Mitsubishi Ki-46-III
- after development even more powerful engine Mitsubishi Ha-112-II and after the aerodynamic modifications is to achieve even higher performance, increased is the volume of the fuel tanks. Two prototypes zalétány in December 1942.

Mitsubishi Ki-46-IIIb Otsu
- fighter adaptation to the weaponry introduced in the summer of 1944, the installation of two cannons Ho-5 to the bow, including two anti-aircraft bombs. Adjusted 75 aircraft.

Mitsubishi Ki-46-III KAI, or Otsu/Hei
- was finished in October 1944, modified as a heavy fighter jet is obliquely stored with a cannon caliber 37 mm. Modified 15 aircraft.

Mitsubishi Ki-46-IVa
- should be equipped with a engines Ha 112-IIRu with turbocompressors. Zalétány - February 1944, a total of built a mere 4 aircraft.

Mitsubishi Ki-46-IVb
- project for a heavy fighter whose basis should be a version of the Ki-46-IVa with turbocharged turbocharged engines Ha-112-II Ru

Mitsubishi Ki-46-II KAI
- it was a training plane, on which were preparing pilots, navigators, radio operators and gunners on their function for this type of aircraft.

Tachikawa Ki-70
- should this type of replace, but completely failed, and the Ki-46 had to endure until the end of the war.



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Development:
- In 1937 at the meeting of the representatives of the technical department of the headquarters of the army air forces and mjr. Yuzo Fujitou, who was a recognized expert on long-haul flights in the japanese army air force, managed to formulate technical requirements for development of a strategic reconnaissance aircraft, which should replace the already obsolescent Mitsubishi Ki-15 Karigane. Just the achievements of a single-engine Karigane led to the development of a new aeroplane has been entrusted directly to the company 三菱重工業株式会社 - Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter referred to as Mitsbishi) without a tender.

- The work here took the young engineer ing.Tomio Kubo with his assistants. In the specifications was the army air force required that the new aircraft operated at altitudes of 4 000 to 6 000 m at a speed of 400 km per hour for six hours. The main defence of the aircraft should be the maximum speed that should reach up to 600 km per hour (the year was 1937 or 1938!), the designers could choose from several propulsion units of either the engine's own production of Ha-26 on the power of 860 horses or from a rival company 中島飛行機株式会社 - Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter referred to as Nakajima) types of Ha-20-2 or Ha-25. For the prototype of the chosen design team dvojhvězdicové čtrnáctiválcové engines Mitsubishi Ha-26-I on the performance of 900 hp. A big emphasis was put also on perfect aerodynamics and only on the covers of the engines has done a big and hopefully successful piece of work professor Kowada from the Aviation research institute of the university of Tokyo. Covers engines, then the guarantee still acceptable cooling but mainly to a small air resistance. The hull was built as a poloskořepina, where he had his seat the pilot and radio operator, who also served the only weapon – machine gun Type 89, which was antiquated, but was not yet widely used. In addition to space for the crew here it was necessary to put a relatively large amount of fuel and thus both members of the crew separated the fuel tank, you were still between the main and auxiliary spar in the wing. In the hull it was still a place for the camera Type 96, a radio station Hi-4 Type 96-2 and pressure oxygen cylinders, which allow the crew to perform combat missions at high altitudes. The aircraft was ofukován in the wind tunnel and on the basis of these tests was also modified. The first prototype was ready for take-off in November 1939 on the base in Kagamigahaře.

- The prototype flew well, but did not reach the expected performances, in particular the maximum speed remained at a value of 540 km/h at an altitude of 4 000 metres, but despite this the aircraft was accepted into the armaments as "command reconnaissance plane Type 100", or the japanese 100 Shiki Shireibu Teisatsuki, abbreviated as "Shintei" . It happened in August 1940, it was made 34 aircraft Ki-46-I, including prototypes. Several machines were given to the cambodian Phnom Penh to a combat unit, but most were further tested in the Army aviation school in Shimoshizu. Here they participated in the elimination of deficiencies instructors and students flight school. So managed to remove some of the glitches still relatively calm.

- March 1941 it made a full-featured machine Ki-46-II, which received the newly completed more powerful engines Mitsubishi Ha-102, these engines can finally allow to reach specifications required max.speed, the propeller should be 200 mm larger in diameter (now 2 950 mm). The only worse features of the new version has a higher weight and thus a higher wing loading. At the beginning of the war, at a time when the Allies didn't have in the arsenal of a fast enough fighter jets, bringing the Ki-46-II of the report about the enemy almost with impunity, and the Allies have gained the respect and the code name Dinah. The equipment included a better camera Type 100 and the radio operator operated the more modern radar station of the Type 99-2. The defensive machine gun crew often left on the ground to the airplane lightened. The production gave a total of 1 093 aircraft of this version and has been discontinued until the end of the year 1944.

- Without further designation has been modified and tested 17 of the aircraft built at the Army aviation arsenal in Tachikawě. It was the adjustment on the heavy fighter against heavy bombers B-17.The adjustment consisted in the development of customised anti-tank gun caliber of 37 mm to the bow Ki-46-II. In January 1943 flew the first modified machine. Inconvenient was a small rate of fire - 3-5 rounds per minute, the cannon was manually charge, but on the destruction of the B-17 was good enough for a single hit. The problem, she worked a fundamental change to the center of gravity, which greatly affected the flight characteristics and accuracy of fire. At the turn of October and November 1944 created yet another variant of the protibombardérové Ki-46-II, cannon caliber 37 mm now already semi-automatically charge the was built into the fuselage and fired up at an angle of 75°. This reconstruction was created in the Dokuritsu 17. Chutai.
- Under the designation of Mitsubishi Ki-46-II KAI flew 70 training in a flight school in Shimoshizu, it was about the adjustment of the recon Ki-46-II, which was over the cabin installed in the "hump" therefore, the cabin of the instructor. This adjustment was proposed by the captain of the Kusanem in November 1943 and in April 1944 was the finished prototype. Rearrangements were made in June of the same year. Aircraft carrying less fuel.

- Because the weaponry on the Allied side came the more powerful fighter types and the domination of Dinah was no longer in danger, she approached the factory Mitsubishi to produce a more powerful version, which was the army air force ordered previously. Back then, it managed to enforce the rule, when the introduction of new machines into production immediately order the development of a successor. From may 1942, he worked on the Ki-46-III, this version was more aerodynamic and the most noticeable was the change in the cab glazing, which has already been tiered. A more powerful version of the engine Ha-112-II to provide the power of 1 500 hp at the injection point of the mixture of water and methanol into the cylinders. The change passed through the exhaust system, each cylinder had its own output of the exhaust gas and even so, was generated from even a slight move, which increased the maximum speed by more than 10 km/h. the First series but still had a massive collector topped off by a common exhaust pipe. Army air force requested also greater range and protection for fuel tanks, therefore, was the volume of the tank slightly enlarged, and under the fuselage it was possible to hang up an additional tank. The internal fuel tanks were given containers of crude rubber and it was solved samosvornost after the shot hole. The first prototype could be a fly in march 1943 and the next year they have lasted his exams. It was found that the values of maximum speed and range were increased, but due to the increase in weight considerably reduced rate of climb. Serial production started in August 1944 and she gave 611 aircraft. The changes will take effect also in the gear for shooting used camera Type 1 and the radio station was the type of Hi-1. The only defense of this version was already just its speed, because the machine gun was not mounted.

- High speed and decent payload of the aircraft led to various adjustments which should enable the pursuit of the bombers B-29. First, it happened again at the Dokuritsu 17. Chutai. Again used the modified cannon caliber 37 mm. The gun was pointed at an angle of 75° up. Several aircraft have been in this position incorporated also cannon caliber 20 mm. In may 1944 it was started the rebuilding of the fighter version of the air technology lab. The adjustment consisted in changing the bow, she was now graded and in the bow were mounted two cannons Him-5 the caliber of 20 mm, which were probably the best of the japanese air arms at all, everyone had a stash of 200 rounds of ammunition ( these aircraft were about 75). A few planes ( probably 15 ) was equipped with more cannon Ho-203 caliber 37 mm, which was already an air of a semi-automatic gun for which it carried ammunition in a drum containers of a total number of 200 shells. Trays after unloading changing a radio operator. About fifty fighter Dinah carried under the fuselage pylon on the aa cougar Ta-Dan. A little confusion is in the labeling of this version, the older literature is referred to as Ki-46-III KAI and does not distinguish between subversion with cannon Ho-203. It holds several current sources, in contrast, some authors (particularly american) denote the version without the oblique cannon as a Ki-46-III Otsu and cannon Ki-46-III Hei or the Otsu/Hei.

- The last version which is finally received and the operational deployment, is Ki-46-IV. It was a development engine Ha-112-II Ru, which tells us that the engine was přeplňován engines. The first prototype flew in January 1944, the war was immature for operational deployment and have been a source of constant trouble. The end of the war were made only four prototypes, of which three operated over Okinawa in march 1945. The aircraft was at a height of ten thousand meters even speed of 630 km/hr.

- The Mitsubishi Ki-46 Shintei served, perhaps, on all the battlefields, where fought the japanese army from the Kuril islands to flights over the Australia. Took flight to scout and fighter years and of course he didn't avoid the fate perhaps of all japanese aircraft - was deployed to the suicide raids on allied ships, then had podvěšenou mountain lion weighing 500 - 800 pounds.

the Final production Ki-46 including prototypes:

Ki-46-I ............ 34
Ki-46-II ........ 1 093
Ki-46-III ......... 611
Ki-46-IV ............ 4
_____________________
total ..... 1 742

The production involved the factory Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha in the cities of Nagoya and Toyama.
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Technical description:


The Mitsubishi Ki-46 was a self-supporting, low-wing, single-tail, single-engine monoplane with a retractable aft-type landing gear.
The Wings - all-metal, with a twin spar, with an auxiliary spar in front of the ailerons and flaps. The centreplane was rigidly attached to the fuselage and the outer wing sections, including the motor nacelles, were connected to it. The flaps were of the split type and were hydraulically operated.
The fuselage - an all-metal semi-spar construction of relatively narrow oval section and was shaped exactly to the contour of the human figure. The pilot and observer/radio operator sections of the cockpit were separated from each other by the fuel tank compartment
[Tail surfaces - all-metal, self-supporting. The rudders had a duralumin skeleton, which was covered with a canvas covering. The unusual shape was a low triangular vertical tailplane.
The chassis - was of the stern type. The main wheels were mounted flush on self-supporting simple hydro-pneumatic struts and retracted hydraulically into the motor nacelles. The tailwheel lifted into the hull. The anchorage of the landing gear struts in the nacelles was insufficiently rigid due to excessive weight saving and this defect could not be completely eliminated.
EnginesEngines - twin fourteen-cylinder, air-cooled. The Ha-112-II Ru engine was turbocharged by a mechanical two-speed compressor. A problem with the engines was the too-tight NACA-type ring cowling with control flaps on the rear. Cooling was not very efficient, and oil cooling was a permanent defect of these aircraft, except for the last four Ki-46-IV prototypes where the radiators were under the engine nacelles. The individual exhaust outlets produced a measurable thrust that could increase the maximum speed of the aircraft. Types and performance are described for each version.
Fuel supply - Ki-46-I and Ki-46-II 1,675 litres; Ki-46-III 1,895 litres and Ki-46-IV carried 1,977 litres
Propellers- were three-bladed, multi-bladed on the first production aircraft, later production supplied auto-adjustable propellers with constant speed rotation.
Armament - described in the previous text
Equipment - described in the previous text
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Micubisi-Ki-46-Sin-Sintei-Dinah-t28814#153738 Version : 0
sources:
Rene J. Francillion Ph. D., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Naval Institute Press, 1987; ISBN-13: 978-0870213137
Robert C. Mikesh, Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941, Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990, ISBN-13: 978-1557505637
William Green and Gordon Swanborough, WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: Japanese Army Fighters, part 2, London, Macdonald & Jane's, 1977, ISBN 0-354-01068-9
Vaclav Nemecek, Military aircraft 3., Our troops, Prague 1992, 3. supplemented edition, ISBN 80-206-0117-1
Rene J. Francilion, Profile Publications The Mitsubishi Ki-46, the year 1966
Mgr. Martin Ferkl, Mitsubishi Ki-46 Dinah Revi Publications, Issue 1., Ostrava, 2004, ISBN: 80-85957-10-8
L+K 11/1974, Monographs Of The Mitsubishi Ki-46 Dinah, Václav Němeček
L+K 16/1956, Aircraft 1939-45
www.historyofwar.org
http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww2/ki46.html
http://www.vectorsite.net/avdinah.html
http://www.airwar.ru/enc/spyww2/ki46.html
archives of the author.
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