sources: René J. Francillon Ph. d., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis Maryland, Reprinted 1990, ISBN-0-87021-313-X Tadeusz Januszewski and Kryzysztof Zalewski, Japońskie samoloty marynarski 1912-1945, tiel 2, Lampart, 2000, ISBN 83-86776-00-05 Mark P. Parillo, The Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II. Annapolis, Md., Naval Institute Press; 1st edition (April 1993), ISBN: 1-55750-677-9 http://www.combinedfleet.com/ijna/q1w.htm author archive.
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Kyushu Q1W Tokai
History: Command of the japanese navy air force (海軍航空本部 Kaigun Kōkū Hombu) in the pre-war period very strongly underestimated the anti-submarine fight, and even despite the fact that Japan was, in the case of conflict, are highly dependent on the supply of shipping and the protection of its own transport fleet, therefore, was extremely important. Most likely it stemmed from the japanese idea of combat use of submarines. The japanese admirals would like to own a submarine fleet used almost exclusively in the naval battle of surface ships. Japanese submarines were in some stage of this fight to attack with torpedoes on surface warships of the enemy, and this attack is supposed to sink, damage or at least subvert combat the enemy's line, and this role in my mind attributed it also to enemy submarines.
Must say that the american submarine fleet was in the first year of the war very few effective weapons, inappropriate tactics of deployment of submarines, but mainly downright bad torpedoes Mk.XIV, that his unreliability has prevented the japanese losses for the entire year of 1942, the Americans sank the only 180 of the japanese ships and, despite the non-existent protection of japanese shipping routes and significant traffic on them. The island empire was completely dependent on import of oil, many of the ores and a whole lot of other raw materials, including food. No less important was the transfer of a large amount of troops and military equipment around the pacific battlefield. It is noteworthy that even these small losses to their own merchant navy and also a sure dose of foresight of some of the officers made Kaigun Kōkū Hombu, to his technical department began to entertain the idea of a purely anti-submarine aircraft, the specific technical requirements for such aircraft were formulated in the specifications of the 17-Shi from the year 1942.
The development of such a machine was entrusted to the company 渡辺鉄工所 株式会社 Watanabe Tekkosho Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter Watanabe), where the construction works in September 1942 took the engineer Nojiri with your team. According to the requirements in the specifications of the 17-Shi was supposed to be a twin-engine aircraft with three crew. From the aircraft were requested high performances; on the contrary, the preferred endurance and flight range of the aircraft, it was further required that the plane was carrying depth charges or bombs, which had discovered a submarine attack. The designers of the company Watanabe submitted a project dolnoplošného aircraft, which was powered by a pair of devítiválcových engines Hitachi GK2C, bearing the Amakaze 31. The advantage of these engines was not performance, but their economic wagon. The engines were placed on both sides of the fuselage and were kapotovány to the relatively large engine nacelles. The performance of these engines to carry forward trojlisté controllable-pitch propellers. The hull with obdelníkovým cross-section was designed so that the crew could sit in the common richly glazed cabin located at the bow of the aeroplane. To glazing, this cabin was used equal to the glass, which nezkreslovala view out. So there was quite characteristic of the cabin, not unlike the cabin of the German the Junkers Ju 88, it is true, however, that the cabin of the japanese machines was not so spacious. The whole design of this project was marked by simplicity. The project was still in 1942, submitted to the navy, it it without comments approved and subsequently commissioned the construction of a prototype. The building itself the prototype of this simple aircraft continued quite fast and so could be in September 1943, the prototype fly. Naval air force prototype adopted under the designation of Kyushu (Kyushu) Q1W1, the company Watanabe was in 1943 merged with the company 州飛行機 株式会社 Kyushu Hikoki Kabushiki Kaisha (hereinafter referred to Kyushu).
The prototype was first tested factory pilots who aren't finding any defects, and therefore was soon handed over to naval air force. Navy test pilots found the new aircraft has the expected properties, that is reasonably powerful, reasonably stable, and reasonably maneuverable. During the tests it was tested also the weaponry, that was made up of one movable machine gun type 92, it was quite old and in 1944 already a not very powerful weapon, stemming from a british machine gun Lewis. To the front of the it was possible to install one or two hard cannons type 99-1 model 2, these weapons had a pilot shoot vynořenou submarine, I write should, because in practice these cannons installed rather exceptionally. The main offensive weapons were two depth charges or bombs, each weighing a maximum of 250 kg. These charges were hung under the fuselage, because the aircraft had a bomb bay. After successfully conducted tests of new aircraft accepted into the armaments, and, according to the then used system labelling Shotei got assigned combat name 東海 - Tokai (Eastern sea). Us is probably better known by the designation system of the Kana/ Kata: Kyushu Q1W1 model 11.
Production of newly adopted protiponorkového the airplane has started a very gradual pace since late spring of 1944 and even in spite of the already relatively good efficiency of the u.s. submarine fleet. American submarines no longer able to sink more shipping tonnage than did the japanese shipyard to build. First produced by the factory in Zasshonokumě several tens of planes "in the stocks" and those were forwarded to the units, which zacvičily and subsequently they flew to the place of action. It so happened that a new anti-submarine aircraft were in operational service until January 1945. The allies after the registration of the new aircraft, he was assigned code name Lorna. Lorna engage in the protection of the japanese convoys and vzlétaly from the parent isles, from Formosa, and from bases in China. A higher combat value should be a few dozen aircraft carrying detector of magnetic anomalies of the Type 3 Model 1, which allowed the search for submerged submarines, but this device was not very effective and even reliable. A few aircraft carried the japanese search radar Type 3 Ku-6 Model 1, this device was not mature and is not even documented, whether it has been achieved some success. The presence of a radar gun giveaway antennas of the type Yagi in the wings and on the fuselage. Production ran until the end of the war in the Pacific, when the factory has completed the 151 aircraft. On the production line was already a version of Q1W2 model 21, which was the version with a wooden rear part of the fuselage, the design of this version have been thus mixed, it differed from the version previous, which was the design of the metal. This adjustment was taken for lack of raw materials for the production of light metals. I couldn't trace the exact number of such produced aircraft, there is always shown - a small amount.
Aeroplanes your number certainly could do nothing to fundamentally limit the combat activities of american submarines. In addition, the effectiveness of their attacks on allied submarines has been greatly limited by the small number carried depth charges and the method of search was also little effective. The strength and superiority of the allied air force in the last year of the war was so great, that there was still more to the attacks of the american fighters on the slow and low flying anti-submarine aircraft. Allies using their radars, managed to guide his fighter aircraft on increasingly distant and isolated targets and meeting Lorna with the Cat... the End of the war he had a naval air force in its state of only 68 anti-submarine aircraft Tokai and only a part of them was letuschopná.
In conclusion, I have yet to mention the last version of this aeroplane, it was all-wood trainer Q1W1-K Tokai-Ren. This aircraft only existed in a single prototype and was intended for training to operate radar equipment and also to toexercise complete crews. Leoun was a four-seater - its place here as well as the instructor.
sources:
René J. Francillon Ph. d., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis Maryland, Reprinted 1990, ISBN-0-87021-313-X Tadeusz Januszewski and Kryzysztof Zalewski, Japońskie samoloty marynarski 1912-1945, tiel 2, Lampart, 2000, ISBN 83-86776-00-05 Mark P. Parillo, The Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II. Annapolis, Md., Naval Institute Press; 1st edition (April 1993), ISBN: 1-55750-677-9 Jaroslav Schmidt, the Aircraft 1939 – 45, Fighter and bomber aircraft of Japan 1. part 1. edition, Publishing house Fraus Plzen, 1998, ISBN 807238-041-9 Aviation + Astronautics no. 23/1971, Aircraft 1939 - 45 http://www.combinedfleet.com/ijna/q1w.htm http://www.aviastar.org/air/japan/kyushu_q1w.php http://www.combinedfleet.com/ijna/q1w.htm ww2photo.mimerswell.com www.daveswarbirds.com http://www.airwar.ru/enc/sww2/q1w.html koapp.narod.ru archives of the author.
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