Britská armáda za WWII

an INTRODUCTION TO the TERMINOLOGY of


Selected vocabulary introduction
Unit = unit one of the weapons or services operating tactically and administratively under one commander
Formation = volume units of various arms and services in the strength of the brigade and above
Regiment =

  1. designation for the whole of the weapon (e.g. Royal Regiment of Artillery = artillery)
  2. designation for the regiment as a tactical unit
  3. designation for the regiment as an administrative organization, which contained several battalions
  4. for the purpose of simplification, such as the battalions of the Royal tank regiment referred to as e.g. 6 R Tanks, though it wasn't about 6. the regiment, but about 6. battalion

Brigade = british brigade is roughly the equivalent of a u.s. reinforced regiment
Battery = british battery is rather the equivalent of a us field artillery battalion, before the american artillery battery

Entry
Some of the words are in british English and practice slightly different from those in american English (anti-tank, anti-aircraft, armour, armoured, defence, counter-battery, etc.). In běkterých examples is for the same thing used a completely different word (petrol x gasoline, wireless x radio).
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POLITICAL ORGANIZATION


BRITISH commonwealth NATIONS
The british empire or, more recently, rather the British community of nations (British Commonwealth of Nations) is a bundle of sixty territories on each continent, which connects jurisdiction to the British crown. Between the territories belong the dominions, colonies, Indian empire, protectorates and mandate territories.

[b:him]Dominion
Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa are autonomous communities, equal and without a relationship of subordination one to the other in domestic and foreign affairs. No formal written document does not bind the dominion to the United kingdom and their independence as a de facto sovereign states was in 1931, recognized by the Parliament of the United kingdom in a document called the Westminster statute. Together they have a common monarch and a common tradition, which is, of course, in many respects, stronger than the written document.

Colony
Colonies are territories that are in a relationship of dependency towards the United kingdom. The degree of dependence varies with regard to the level of social development of the territory. More developed colonies (such as Ceylon) have their own legislative body.

Indian empire
The indian empire, which is its own subcontinent, is a separate category of Its layout is in a state of transition towards a federal system of government consisting of british india and the native state. The indigenous states are administered by their own rulers. The british policy of trying to transition India in the dominion.

Protectorates
Protectorates, such as Zanzibar, retain most of their own domorodové or tribal ruler, but relations with other states are provided by the british government, which is responsible for the protection of these territories.

Mandate territory
Mandate territories, such as Palestína, previously belonged to countries that were hostile to the ratio for the first world war and have been entrusted to british administration by the league of nations.

UNITED KINGDOM
Composition
The united kingdom consists of Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland), Northern Ireland, the Channel islands and the Isle of Man. The last three entities have their own legislative bodies for local affairs.

Form of government
the united kingdom is a constitutional monarchy in which the king reigns but does not rule. The king is head of state and embodies the unity of the nation. In a number of areas, has afforded privileges and activities of the parliament requires his consent. In practice, however, does not proceed without the involvement of the relevant minister. Monarch launches the activity of the parliament, his speech, which he but preparing ministers from the party which has a majority in parliament.

Parliament
The parliament of the United kingdom consists of two chambers - the house of commons and house of lords. Members of the lower house are elected on the basis of universal suffrage. The usual duration of the parliamentary term is 5 years. The current war parliament but a majority of votes lengthened its duration, so as not to interrupt the war effort. Each voter may stand for election in any constituency, and on the basis of the acquisition of the relevant number of nominations and the composition of the deposit, which is forfeited if it does not get at least an eighth of the votes cast. The majority of mps are elected on party ballots. Most of the deputies has Koznervativní straná, followed by the Labour party and the Liberal party. A small representation has also an Independent labour party and the communists. The house of lords is composed of the nobles, who have either a hereditary or official right to attend meetings. To them are added the persons who have noble status earned with his service in public offices. Virilními members of the House of lords are the archbishop of Canterbury, arcibisku of York, and twenty-one bishops. The upper chamber has a mainly supervisory function to the legislative provisions adopted by the lower house. The but can regulation enforce, if three times the upper chamber votes. The monarch may be the prescription veto, but this has happened for so long, that it is this privilege considered obsolete.

Government
The cabinet is the bridge between parliament and the executive bodies of the government. Members of the government are usually members of one of the chambers of parliament, and that members of the party with the most votes. The cabinet derives its power from the majority in the Lower house. If the government is the government expressed mistrust or if she does not pass a major piece of legislation, though it is rather a habit, the cabinet ends. In the present war the government are not exclusively members of the Conservative party. A member of the government as a rule, governed by the ministry or a similar authority, but in the current war cabinet are also members without portfolio and engage in fully a certain part of the war effort. Members of the government are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister. A meeting of the government are secret. The government is responsible as a whole. In the current cabinet there are still the so-called War cabinet, which has seven members, including the prime minister.

Secret council
The secret council (Privy Council), from which, in the past, the cabinet grew up, is the body, which is made up of panovníkovými advisors and approves the activities of the government, which goes beyond the scope of the parliament. The number of members is not limited. On the basis of the special war legislation are certain emergency powers transferred to a Secret council. King in Council to issue regulations through the government, which acts as a committee of the Secret council. These regulations do not require the approval of parliament.

Ministers connection with the conduct of the war
Three members of the government have the largest influence on the leadership of the war effort are the First lord of the admiralty (First Lord of the Admiralty), minister of war (the Secretary of State for War) and the minister of aviation (the Secretary of State for Air). Cabinet members are also the minister of war production (Minister of War Production), minister of supply (Minister of Supply) and the minister of aircraft production (Minister of Aircraft Production). The prime minister holds the concurrent post of the secretary of defense (Minister of Defence).

Committee of imperial defense
Members of the Committee of imperial defence the prime minister, relevant cabinet members and chiefs of staff. The committee determines the general startegii defense of the British empire. The committee coordinates the activities of the royal navy, army and royal air force..
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the ORGANIZATION of the ARMED FORCES


high COMMAND
in General
The individual components of the armed forces (navy, army, air force) carry out their activities in the framework of the competent ministry. The activities of these ministries is coordinated by the war cabinet.

Army council
The army is under the direct command of the Army council (Army Council). Ones from the highest ranking senior civilian member is a minister of war and the military, then chief of the imperial general staff (Chief of the Imperial General Staff). All orders are issued on behalf of the Army council, not on behalf of the minister of war, who is personally responsible to the war cabinet for the activities of the army.

Ministry of war
The ministry of war (War Office) is under the direct management of the Army council. The internal organization is similar to organization amrického of the ministry of war.

General staff
The imperial general staff consists of several sections.

The section chief of the imperial general staff (Department of the Chief of the Imperial General Staff) is in charge of military policy (war planning, training, historical research, military intelligence and other tasks) and the coordination of the activities of the other sections. The section is broken down into directorates, which are:

  • The directorate of military operations (Directorate of Military Operations)
  • The directorate of military intelligence (Directorate of Military Intelligence)
  • General for the connecting activity (Directorate of Signals)
  • The directorate for staff povnnosti (Directorate of Staff Duties)
  • The directorate of military training (Directorate of Military Training)
  • The directorate general for weapons and vehicles (Directorate of Weapons and Vehicles)
  • The directorate of armoured fighting vehicles (Directorate of Armoured Fighting Vehicles)
  • The directorate of royal artillery (Directorate of Royal Artillery)
  • The directorate general for aviation (Directorate of Air)
  • General for the Home guard and Territorial army (Directorate of Home Guard & Territorial Army)
  • Directorate general for ???? (Directorate of American Liaison and Munitions)

The directorate for anti-aircraft and coastal defense (Directorate of Anti-Aircraft and Coast Defence) was abolished and its features taken over the particular the directorate of royal artillery. The directorate general for aviation ensures the activity of the airborne troops and the cooperation of air and ground units. The directorate for staff povnnosti is through the Committee of war to the systematization (War Establishments Committee) responsible for the preparation of systemizačních tables for all army units and volumes.

The section of the general adjutant of the forces (Department of the Adjutant-General to the Forces) provides a broad spectrum of personnel matters - from dues, through the discipline of health care. It is thus equivalent to the more american organization (G-1, adjutant general, chief surgeon, JAG). Section chief quartermaster (aDepartment of the Quarter-Master-General) provides the accommodation and transport of troops, the construction and maintenance of buildings and fortifications, supply of food, fodder and pohonými fuels and also remontní and veterinary services. The scope of the section corresponds roughly to the activities, which the u.s. military ensures the G-4 and partially also the chief quartermaster and the chief of engineers. The managing director for army requirements (Department of the Director-General of Army Requirements) is in charge of formulating military material requirements and their communication with the ministry of supply.

Section of the permanent undersecretary of the ministry of war
The section of the permanent undersecretary of the ministry of war (Department of the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for War) ensures the financial affairs and accounting. Under this section also fall under the Royal department of the army chaplains (Royal Army Chaplains' Department) and the Royal army cashier's chorus (Royal Army Pay Corps). This is a civil section, which has the right of veto in financial matters, which gives him no small influence. The permanent secretary of the ministry of war is also the secretary of the Army council.


high COMMAND

in General
When there was 3. September 1939 declaration of war, consisted of ground troops from the Regular army (Regular Army), Territorial army (Territorial Army), which was the equivalent of the u.s. National guard and the various reserve components. Shortly after there was a sločení all part of the British army (British Army). Except for some legal differences ceased to exist differences between the components. The british army consists of the Headquarters of the home forces (Home Forces), anti-aircraft command (Anti-Aircraft Command), the Headquarters of the british forces in the Middle east (British Forces in the Middle East), the Headquarters of the british forces in India (British Forces in India) and considerable amount of other headquarters, which are spread throughout the world. The individual components are controlled by the Ministry of war.

Headquarters home forces
The headquarters of the home forces has all the field forces dislokovanými in the United kingdom and is responsible for defending the british isles against the enemy invasion. Under the headquarters of the falls and the Home guard (Home Guard), which was formed in may 1940, then under the name of Volunteers for local defense (Local Defence Volunteers). Garda consists of volunteers who serve without entitlement to pay and the service they perform next to their regular job. Their mission is the defense of local communities, airports and transport infrastructure. In the case of the invasion of of them have become standard members of the armed forces on full-time. Garda does not have a larger amount of means of transport and is intended only for local defense. To ensure security has rifles, automatic weapons, machine guns, anti-tank rifles, grenades and similar weaponry.

Corps and army
The internal organization of the field armies and corps is similar to that in the american army. Field army and corps consists of headquarters, a designated number of organic units and a variable number of corps, respectively divisions.

MILITARY ADMINISTRATION
Military headquarters
From the point of view of military administration is the territory of the United kingdom divided into six military commands (Military Command) and two military districts (Military District). This is a Southern, Western, Northern, Eastern, south-eastern and Scottish military headquarters and London and the north of ireland the military circuit. In the event of an invasion would be military headquarters was transformed into the headquarters of the armies. From the operational point of view guided by the Command of the domestic forces through these military headquarters of the corps (Corps) and then the field of (Area). From the administrative point of view, crowds have been thinning the Home of the war through these military headquarters of the corps areas. Military circuits operate similarly to the military headquarters.

Weapons and services
All components of the British army as a whole are referred to as the shoulders of the service (Arms of the Service), while the combat parts are referred to as weapons (Arms) and the administrative components as a service (Services).

The list of weapons according to the case-order, incl. the title in the original and the used abbreviations:

  • Jezedctvo (Cavalry, Cav)
  • Royal armoured corps (Royal Armoured Corps, the RAC)
  • The royal regiment of artillery (Royal Regiment of Artillery, RA)
  • Royal ženijn corps (Corps of the Royal Engineers, RE)
  • Royal tie corps (Royal Corps of Signals, R Sigs)
  • Infantry (Infantry, Inf)
  • The reconnaissance corps (Reconnaissance Corps Recce Corps)


The list of services according to the case-order, incl. the title in the original and the used abbreviations:

  • The royal department of the army chaplains (Royal Army Chaplains' Department)
  • Royal army corps service (Royal Army Service Corps, RASC)
  • Royal army medical corps (Royal Army Medical Corps, RAMC)
  • Royal army arms the corps (Royal Army Ordnance Corps, RAOC)
  • The royal electrical and mechanical engineer corps (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, REM)
  • Royal army cashier's chorus (Royal Army Pay Corps, RAPC)
  • Royal army veterinary corps (Royal Army Veterinary Corps, RAVC)
  • The army educational corps (Army Educational Corps, AEC)
  • Army dental corps (Army Dental Corps, AD Corps)
  • Zákopnický corps (Pioneer Corps, P Corps)
  • Intelligence corps (Intelligence Corps, IC)
  • The army quartermaster corps (Army Catering Corps, ACC)
  • The army corps of tělesnéh training (Army Physical Training Corps, APTC)
  • Corps of military police (Corps of Military Police, CMP)
  • Military prison corps (Military Provost Staff Corps, MPSC)
  • Imperial military nursing service queen Alexandra (Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service, QAIMNS)
  • Auxiliary territorial service (the Auxiliary Territorial Service, ATS)
  • Officers 'training corps (Officers' Training Corps, OTC)


With two exceptions, were all jezecké regiments mechanizovány and now fall under the Royal armoured corps. The royal artillery regiment retained the designation regiment of the reasons for maintaining the tradition, although it is the size of this bundle much larger. Units the Recon corps are allocated to the individual military volumes. Each infantry division has, for example, assigned one regiment or battalion. Similar is it with the units of the Intelligence corps, each divisional headquarters with one of the sections.

TACTICAL STAFFS
Divisional headquarters
Staff functions and náplń their activities:

  • Officer of the general staff 1. instance (General Staff Officer, Grade 1, GSO 1)

    1. set the policy according to the instruction of the general commanding the division, including policy training
    2. coordinates and performs general supervision over the activities of the divisional headquarters

  • Officer of the general staff of 2. instance (General Staff Officer, Grade 2, GSO 2)

    1. ensures vydávní orders and instructions according to the instructions of the GSO 1
    2. ensures the organization and activities of the operating and reporting office
    3. assigns officers to duty at the headquarters
    4. manages the liaison officers
    5. handle the movement of staff to the officer commanding divisional spojařům and the commander of the camp, which is the officer responsible for the local administration headquarters
    6. handle the movement along the roads, which has to the hands of the representative of the assistant quartermaster, with which solves the marching of the table

  • Officer of the general staff of 3. instance (operational) (General Staff Officer, Grade 3 (Operations), the GSO 3 (A))
  • Officer of the general staff of 3. the degree of (intelligence) (General Staff Officer, Grade 3 (Intelligence), the GSO 3 (I))
  • Officer of the general staff of 3. instance (for management of chemical warfare) (General Staff Officer, Grade 3 (Chemical Warfare), the GSO 3 (CW))
  • Intelligence officer (Intelligence Officer, IO)
  • the Motor Contact Liaison Officers
  • Cryptographic officer (Cipher Officer)
  • Assistant-Adjutant and Quarter-Master-General
  • Deputy Assistant-Adjutant-General
  • Deputy Assistant-Quarter-Master-General
  • Adc (Aide-de-Camp, ADC)
  • Quartermaster advisor (Catering Adviser)
  • Chief Clerks


Brigadier crew


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Source:
Handbook on the British Army with Supplements on the Royal Air Force and Civilian Defense Organizations (Technical Manual TM 30-410), War Department, Washington, 1942
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