Námořní pěchota - WWII

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Ground unit markings

Full title
The official and complete designation of a unit included the designation of the superior units and headquarters to which the unit was assigned (assigned). For example, thus 1st Marine Amphibious Truck Company, Headquarters Troops, V Amphibious Corps or 3rd Marines, 3rd Marine Brigade, Defense Force, Samoan Group, Fleet Marine Force, In the Field. This full designation was retained even when the unit was temporarily assigned (attached) to a lower-level unit or command. The designation was changed by general order only after the unit was assigned (reassigned) to another higher unit or command. This was introduced in 1933, although it had been practiced in previous years. The In the Field meant that the unit was planted in the field. If the unit was in barracks, the unit name included the name of the base or camp. If the unit was embarked on a vessel, the end of the name was Beyond the Seas or at sea or overseas. If the ship was in port, the unit name included the homeport of the vessel - for example, Marine Detachment, USS Arizona, Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Territory of Hawaii.


Numbering
Units of the same type were numbered in ascending order of activation date. However, there were occasional exceptions. Battalions and separate companies, detachments or platoons were numbered with a single or two-digit Arabic number. Some separate companies and platoons had the word Marine in their name to make them easily distinguishable from Army units of the same type. Some units were not numbered, but rather bore the name of their deployment or function - for example, Marine Aircraft, Hawaiian Area, Marine Aircraft Wings, Pacific.



Amphibious Corps
Amphibious Corps were numbered with Roman numerals (I, III and V). However, the 1st Amphibious Corps was often referred to as 1st. The numbers did not follow each other. The I and V and III and V Amphibious Corps, respectively, corresponded with the same number of the Navy fleet with which they operated. Corps were also referred to as IMAC, IIIAC or VAC. There were also designations based on Navy conventions - for example III Phib Corps. Corps units bore corps designations, so they were referred to, for example, as Medical Battalion, III Amphibious Corps, FMF, Pacific.



Marine Division
The six Marine divisions were numbered consecutively by date of activation. The divisions were always referred to as, for example, 1st Marine Division, not just 1st Marine, as this abbreviated form was used for regiments and could lead to unwanted confusion. All divisional units at battalion level bore the division number. On the other hand, it cannot be inferred that all units with the serial number 1 belonged to the 1st Division. They may have been under a higher command, for example directly under the FMF, as was the case with the 1st Howitzer Battalion.



Marine regiments
The first modern Marine regiment was formed in 1899. It was not until 1913 that the regiment had a more permanent appearance, but it was initially called something else, and did not receive the name 1st Marine Regiment until 1916. During World War I, four regiments were reorganized according to Army tables into formations of three organic battalions, while the remaining ten retained their existing structure, i.e. The regiments did not have a subordinate battalion grade and consisted of several independent companies, or had one battalion and several independent companies, or two battalions of two to four companies. During World War I there were fourteen Marine regiments, the 1st-11th and 13th-15th, and it is not clear why there was no 12th. Interwar regiments had only two battalions. The 3rd, 7th, 8th and 9th Marine Reserve Regiments carried the numbers of the previous regular regiments.


From 1930 onwards, the word Regiment did not have to be included in the name. Between 1930 and 1933, the word was dropped from individual regiments. From then on they are referred to only as, for example, 4th Marines. During World War II, there were infantry, artillery and engineer regiments. However, this functional division was not reflected in their name. In historical works, however, it is sometimes added in parentheses for ease of reference, but it must be remembered that it was not an official part of the name. The regiments were not activated sequentially from the lowest number, but in order. Regiments were divided into blocks by type. Regiments numbered 1 to 9 and 21 to 29 were infantry regiments, regiments numbered 10 to 15 were artillery regiments, and regiments numbered 16 to 20 were engineer regiments. Beyond these "standard" regiments, there were several specialized regiments that were numbered outside this ascending series. These included, for example, the 1st Marine Parachute Regiment (1st Marine Parachute). In October 1947, the regiments were reduced to battalion size but retained their old regimental designations. These battalions kept the tradition of their regimental predecessors. In October 1949, the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 10th, and 11th Marine Regiments were reactivated.



Battalions
Battalions were three within the infantry and engineer regiments and were designated as 1 through 3. Artillery regiments had four or five battalions depending on the period. The numbers of battalions in a regiment occasionally changed depending on changes in equipment or reorganizations. Sometimes a battalion became independent and a new battalion was established in its place. Battalions were referred to in common communication as, for example, 1/5 (and pronounced One/Five).



Companies
Companies were designated in alphabetical order throughout the regiment. The 1st Battalion had companies A, B, C and D, the 2nd Battalion had companies E, F, G and H and the 3rd Battalion had companies I, K, L and M. The first three companies in each battalion were rifle companies. Companies D, H and M were the weapons companies. These companies were abolished in 1944 without changing the letters of the other companies, the letters D, H and M were simply omitted (the exception being the 29th Regiment, which was just forming at the time of the change). Also omitted from the beginning was the letter J, as it was too similar to the letter I. Companies were commonly referred to as Company E, 4th Marine Regiment (Company E, 4th Marines), or simply as E/4 (pronounced E/Four). The battalion number was therefore omitted. Sometimes a system was used which did not use a slash and instead gave the battalion number. For example, the abbreviation 2E4 stood for E Company, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marine Regiment. However, this system does not appear much in documents.


Battery
The battery was a relative novelty in the Marine Corps. Although the ground forces had introduced the term, which referred to company-sized artillery units, as early as 1838, the Marine Corps did not begin to use it intermittently until World War I, and did not introduce it until November 1924. Artillery regiments of five battalions had batteries A through P. When the fifth battalion was abolished in 1944, it marked the end of companies N, O, and P. Batteries of defensive and antiaircraft artillery battalions were also designated by letters. These battalions consisted of two to four groups and these in turn consisted of two to four batteries. The order of designation was not standardized.


Other companies and batteries
Traditionally, there were no J companies and batteries, as in the nineteenth century the writing J and I looked the same, so there would have been confusion. Regimental companies of arms were not numbered; they were referred to simply as, for example, Weapons Company, 3rd Marines (Weapons Company, 3rd Marines). During World War II, it became common to refer to companies/batteries using the phonetic alphabet (e.g. Able Company). This raises the question of whether it is correct to write Company A or A Company. The answer is that both are correct, as there was no official prescribed format and both were used. However, the notation Company A did occur more often, and furthermore, in the original, the writer avoids beginning the sentence with A Company, which might not make it clear whether A stands for the designation of Company A or an indeterminate member. Companies and batteries in separate battalions were also designated by letters. Divisional command battalions were an exception. Their companies bore the same designation as their parent division, e.g., the 1st Military Police Company (1st Military Police Company), the 1st Signal Company (1st Signal Company), and the 1st Reconnaissance Company (1st Reconnaissance Company) were under the Headquarters Battalion, 1st Marine Division (Headquarters Battalion, 1st Marine Division). However, there were also designations in the form of Signal Company, Headquarters Battalion, 3rd Marine Division (Signal Company, Headquarters Battalion, 3rd Marine Division).


Marine barracks and their companies
The phrase Marine Barracks does not refer to a building, but to a tactical unit. The first such unit was established in 1804. These units were stationed at naval bases, to which they provided security and other support services. These units consisted of several companies. Marine barracks usually consisted of a barracks detachment (command elements, service elements, and possibly music) and several guard companies. Sometimes a Signal Company or Service Company was also assigned. Prior to the establishment of permanent battalions and regiments, provisional expeditionary units were just made up of companies from various barracks. These companies thus did not undergo any training together and did not see each other for the first time until the port where they were to embark. The whole thing was complicated by the system of company markings. They were referred to as, for example, Company A, Marine Barracks, Naval Base, Philadelphia. In 1900, all companies were permanently assigned a numerical designation, although they also retained their existing letter designations. Command, machine gun, engineer, signal, and artillery companies also received numbers. These numbers went in sequence through the entire Marine Corps regardless of company function. So when these companies were assembled into provisional battalions and regiments, the orientation of the company numbers was not much better. Therefore, a third system of identification emerged. When the companies were assembled into a provisional regiment or battalion, they were usually given their own letter designation that had a sequence within the regiment or battalion. This system was officially introduced in 1931, but companies continued to prefer the numbers assigned in 1900. When a company was reassigned from one battalion or regiment to another, its letter designation changed while the numerical designation remained. In early 1933 the numerical designation of companies was abolished, a move greeted with disfavor by most Marine infantrymen.


Other company designations
Some companies were designated by numbers or letters in sequence within all battalions of the same type, regardless of regiments. For example, the companies of the 1st and 2nd Medical Battalions were numbered within both battalions in the inter-war period.



Detachments
The word detachment (Detachment) was used in three senses. Mostly it was a unit with an internal organization equivalent to a company, but with smaller numbers of men, essentially a kind of larger platoon. The word detachment also referred to an element that was temporarily detached from the parent unit. It could be a temporary formation of a few men or it could also be a formation of two or more companies. Such a formation bore the name of the parent unit in its name. For example, it was Detachment, Company A, 4th Medical Battalion (Detachment, Company A, 4th Medical Battalion). A third use was Marine detachments (Marine detachments) aboard ships. These were essentially small companies. They were basically a smaller version of Marine barracks. These detachments could also be set up for special purposes or to administer Marines who were assigned to Navy duties.



Group
Group (Group) as an organizational term appeared in multiple contexts and included formations of widely varying sizes. The term first appeared to refer to a small and temporary task element established within a regiment or battalion. It is close to the second meaning of the word detachment, but the group remained within the parent unit while the detachment operated outside of it. Another usage was of defensive battalions and later also of anti-aircraft artillery battalions, where the group was an organic part of the battalion and consisted of two to four batteries. They were actually sort of small battalions. The word group was also used to refer to temporary task elements established by corps or divisions to perform a specific tactical or support mission in support of a combat operation. It could be a battalion reinforced by detachments from other units or a formation consisting of several battalions. The fourth use was for provisional tactical groups, which was another form of task organization, but this one had not just a support mission but a direct combat mission. The base was the regiment, which was augmented by specialized units and service units. As a result, it was roughly equivalent in strength to a brigade.



Eshalon
The word echelon (Echelon) has multiple meanings in a military setting. In the realm of unit organization, it referred to a portion of a unit deployed separately from the parent unit. For ground units, it was primarily forward (Forward) and rear (Rear) echelons. The air units were Advance, Forward, Rear, Flight and Ground Echalon. Sometimes the echalon designation was also used to indicate the order of arrival or disembarkation of troops (1st Echalon, 2nd Echalon, Assault Echalon).



Note
Contemporary documents know and use the term Advance and Advanced. They are synonyms with no difference in meaning. The similar words Amphibian and Amphibious also occur. These are also essentially synonyms, but there was an official distinction. The word Amphibian was used to refer to units equipped with amphibious tractors, while the word Amphibious was used to refer to amphibious corps.

Additional names

Standalone
Units with the designation Separate (Separate) have been assigned or attached to a larger unit or command. Separate meant that the battalion, company, battery or platoon was not an organic part of the regiment or battalion. These units were generally under the direct control of the FMF headquarters, Pacific, which usually assigned them to individual corps, divisions, brigades, and other units to conduct combat operations.



Provisional
Provisional (Provisional) were units formed by higher commands and units from forces and assets assigned to existing subordinate units or withdrawn from replenishment formations. These units were formed without regard to systemization. Their purpose was to reinforce, supplement or strengthen existing similar units or to fulfil a specific task. From an administrative point of view, the men assigned to a provisional unit remained attached to their parent unit, which thus provided pay, equipment, etc.). This principle replicated the life of the parent and provisional unit headquarters. Provisional units were usually disbanded over time, with forces and resources returning to the parent units. In some unnumbered cases, they were transformed into regular units. The word Provisional was sometimes included in the body of the name, sometimes added after the name in parentheses. Both forms occur in documents, and neither has been standardized. Thus, both are possible.


While Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) understood the need to give commanders in the field some latitude, it also saw the problems caused by the existence of these formations in 1944. Commanders often failed to justify their existence and, more importantly, formed them only from the resources available to them. Since they did not want to limit the strength of the existing regular units, these provisional formations consisted of supplementary men. This, however, reduced the number of Marines returning to the US. This caused a shortage of experienced men to provide the basis for new, training or replenishment units. HQMC tried to have Marines return from deployment after 14 months, but even with the existence of provisional units, this often did not happen until 24 to 30 months. Therefore, HQMC increased oversight of the existence of provisional units and succeeded in getting many of them abolished.


Another type of provisional units were those established in the midst of combat as ad hoc emergency formations. These units were not officially activated and appear only in the war diaries. The men to establish them were drawn from special forces and service units, or from units that had suffered heavy losses in combat and had been withdrawn from the front. In truly emergency situations, ground personnel from Navy aviation units were also withdrawn. Their task was to act as a backup, to secure exposed flanks, to clean up pockets of resistance bypassed by the first traces, or to secure the rear against enemy penetration. These units were usually short-lived.



Mixed
Mixed (Composite) units were made up of smaller units of two or more types. For example, the 51st Defense Battalion (Composite) (51st Defense Battalion (Composite)) consisted of an anti-aircraft artillery group, a machine gun group, gun and howitzer batteries, and a reinforced rifle company. In the case of Marine Corps aviation units, these were cases where the unit was equipped with aircraft of various types.



Special Forces
Divisional special units (special troops) were originally subordinate to the Special Troops Command (Commander, Special Troops), which was essentially a regimental headquarters within the division. It consisted of a command battalion, a light tank battalion, a special weapons battalion, an engineer battalion, a trench battalion, and a paratroop battalion. Special Forces units declined in mid-1942 when Engineer Regiments were established, into which the Engineer and Pioneer Battalions were transferred. In April 1943, the paratroop battalions were transferred to the FMF units. In May 1943 the special weapons battalions were abolished. This left only the command and tank battalions. The Special Forces headquarters were therefore abolished in May 1944. The two remaining battalions were transferred to the Service Forces Command.



Service Units
The divisional service troops (service troops) were originally subordinate to the Service Troops Command (Commander, Service Troops), which was essentially a regimental headquarters within the division. It consisted of an operations battalion, a medical battalion, and an amphibious tractor battalion. The latter battalion was added in July 1942, but in May 1944 these battalions were transferred to FMF units. The motorized transport battalions were added in April 1943, but it should be added that they were formed from the transport companies of the operational battalions.



Joint and Combined
The terms joint (Joint) and combined (Combined) began to appear after the US-British ARCADIA conference held in Washington in December 1941 and January 1942. Here their meaning was defined. A combined unit was one that was composed of the lower units of the various armed services of one nation (e.g., the Air Force and the Navy), while a combined unit was one that was composed of the lower units of several nations (i.e., primarily American and British units).

Task-focused organization in the fight

in General
Units of the marine corps nestled into a fight fought as vševojskové (combined arms) formation consisting of infantry, artillery, special forces and units of services. A particular composition has been unfolding from that, what require the specified mission. Division before entering into battle allocating special units and services of your regiments, battalions, and sometimes even rotám. Other units might be allocated from the choral units, which were mostly artillery, defensive, and amphibious tractor units. Thus reinforced, and a task-organized regiments were originally referred to as the battle group (combat groups) and their battalions as combat teams (combat teams). These terms were eventually replaced by dates of regimental landing team (detained landing team) and praporní landing team (battalion landing team).


Battle groups and teams
For the landing on Guadalcanal compiled 1. marine division Battle group, And (Combat Group), for which the basis was 5. a regiment of marines, and a Combat group B (Combat Group B), for which the basis was 1. a regiment of marines. Each group consisted of infantry regiment, artillery battalion, a light tank company, engineer company, zákopnické battalion, amphibious tractor battalion, medical platoon, a reconnaissance platoon, a platoon of special weapons and motorized transport platoon. Infantry battalions of the Combat group And were organized as Combat teams 1, 2 and 3 and the infantry battalions of Combat group B and then as Combat teams 4, 5 and 6. Combat teams consisting of infantry battalion, houfnicové battery, a sapper platoon, zákopnické platoon, amphibious tractor platoon and smaller elements of units of service. The divisional support group (Division Suport Group) consisted of engineers, special weapons, engineers and artillery. This structure was designed not only for landing and combat, but also for the actual embarkation on transport vessels..

Yet without a greater command of degrees than is the wing

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Fighter squadron of the marine corps
Marine Fighting Squadron
Pursuit squadron were by far the most numerous. It was a multi-purpose unit, which perform the task in the field of air combat, air combat patrols, attacks against ships, accompanied by bombers and direct air support. This last part of them was basically fighter-bombers. It was indeed the main purpose for which they were established, i.e. the support of amphibious airborne ground units. Naval air units also fulfil tasks in the area of direct air support, but the focus of their activities consisted in previous roles. But you often have to comply with the just and fighter squadron of the marine corps. To carry out the support of amphibious landings, was part of the fighter pěrutí marines armed with interceptors capable of launch from the decks of aircraft carriers. This allowed them to support forward deployed from the very beginning. The rest of the squadron received the tank intended for the start of the classic airports, or machines, which were originally designed for operation from the decks of ships, but in practice, in this role they haven't worked. In 1944, received the majority of the squadrons after two fotoprůzkumných machines for the evaluation of effects of air raids. Fighter squadrons the marine corps had originally 18 fighter aircraft. In 1944 this number was increased to 24.

Night fighter squadron of the marine corps
Marine Night Fighting Squadron
Night fighter squadron of the marine corps were armed with and trained to conduct seizures útočích enemy aircraft even before their arrival to the destination, and the night raids on the enemy vessels. These units were equipped with ground guide radar the SCR-527A, later SCR-588, and cooperate with the pinions of air alerts. Fighters were the targets zeroing in from the centres to the management of fighters. Individual machines were equipped with the identification device IFF, radio sets operating at very high frequencies and its own short-range radar, which allowed them to the final guide. The first night the squadron were set up in July 1943, the first deployment experienced in September 1943. Most of the squadrons had in the arsenal stroll the F4U-2 Corsair, F6F-3N Hellcat and F6F-5N Hellcat. One had a machine PV-1N Ventura, at the end of the war some squadrons přezbrojily on the machine F7F-3N Tigercat, but these were not enough zapojti into the fight. The standard was 12 aircraft in service with the squadron, but the number ranged up to 6 pieces up to 34 machines.

Zvědně-bomber squadron of the marine corps
Marine Scout-Bombing Squadron
Four zvědně-bomber squadron, which existed at the beginning of the war, arose from the renaming of two of the three zvědných squadrons and two bomber squadrons. These units were armed with zvědnými bombers, which carried out the dive-attacks, long-distance zvědnou activity and patrol. In addition, also sometimes carried out air strikes on targets before disembarking land units and eventually even their close air support. Sometimes also implement the classic horizontal bombing at different heights, viewed the smoke screen and were spraying DDT on areas of the bases. The basic equipment of these squadrons were mostly aircraft SBD Dauntless and the SB2C Helldiver. In 1944-1945, part of the squadrons used machines F4U-4 Corsair. The squadron had originally in a state of 18 machines, in 1944, there was an increase of 24 machines.

Fighter-bomber squadron of the marine corps
Marine Fighter-Bombing Squadron
The course of the fighting showed the need for air units specialzivoaných on the effective support of ground forces. These wings have arisen by renaming and přezbrojením some zvědně-bomber squadron in October 1944. However, already in December 1944 they were renamed back to zvědně-bombing. Vntřní the organization of these squadrons followed the fighter squadron. Armed with were battle versions of the fighter aircraft, which have a greater carrying capacity and better protection, possibly newer versions of the fighter, which t these enhancements also available. The main task of these units was the provision of direct air support, however, often have been deployed even when útočích on the enemy vessels. Squadron standard had 24 aircraft.

Torpédově-bomber squadron of the marine corps
Most torpédově-bombing squadrons was formed by renaming of zvědně-bomber squadrons and later also of the fighter-bomber squadrons. The first torpédově-bomber squadron was formed in may 1943. The squadron, however, were rarely deployed on the torpedo mission. Most implement the classic horizontal bombing at various altitudes and carry out patrol missions. Due to the relatively large space for the cargo of ammunition were often used also to supply the ground troops dropping supplies by parachutes. These should be in the arsenal of 18 torpedo bombers TBF-1C Avenger.

Bomber squadron of the marine corps
The marines had already from the year 1937 bombardovacími pinions. These were in 1941, renamed to zvědně-bomber squadron. The first new bomber squadron, which has already been equipped with medium bombers, was established in march 1943. Their existence in the marine corps was often questioned. However, the air force had medium bombers excess, and so is the marine corps could easily get. In addition to total proved themselves in horizontal bombing at various altitudes, long-distance attacks on enemy vessels and survey. The wing should have in the arsenal of 12 or sometimes up to 15 medium bomber PBJ-1 (the navy designation for the B-25 Mitchell).

Zvědná squadron of the marine corps
Two of the three pre-war zvědných squadrons were in July 1941 renamed zvědně-bomber squadron. Remained the only squadron with that name. This was in the Virgin islands, and was armed with amphibious multi-purpose aircraft J2F-2A Duck, which were in 1942 replaced by machines OS2N-1
Kingfisher and then at the beginning of the year 1944 zvědnými bombers SBD Dauntless. In may 1944 was the squadron deactivated.

Observation squadron of the marine corps
During the second world war there existed in the marine corps, two different types of observation squadrons. Four of the squadron should be in the name of queen numbers and were equipped with 18 fighter aircraft F4F-3P, the F4F-7, or the F6F-5P. These machines were equipped for fotoprůzkum. All observation squadron of this type have been in 1944 or 1945 přetransformovány and renamed the fighter squadron. The other observation squadron should be in the title of a one-digit number. These squadrons were equipped with 12 or 14 light observation aircraft-NO-1B, or OY-1. The first squadron of this type arose in January 1944 from artillery controllers divisions, which existed from October 1943 in the context of the above observation squadrons with a three-passenger number in the title. These divisions have 12 machines, of which three were replacement. Both types of squadrons to conduct tactical reconnaissance in favor of land units and function as návodčí artillery fire. Squadron armed with light observation aircraft to support the activities of the choral and the divisional artillery, which guided their activities. In addition, to ensure even contact years ago. Squadron equipped with photographic versions of fighter aircraft to carry out remote photo and vidový survey.

Photographic squadron marine corps
The first photographic squadron was established in April 1942. These squadrons were equipped with six fotoprůzkumnými military planes and eight patrol bombers PB4Y-1 (B-24D) Liberator, or PB4Y-2 Privateer. These machines perform remote, high-altitude fotoprůzkum.

Multi-purpose squadron of the marine corps
Multi-purpose squadron was equipped with 12 to 15 transport aircraft R4D (C-47) Skytrain, three multi-purpose transport aircraft and three multi-purpose aircraft. In June and July were these squadrons renamed to the transport squadron.

a Transport squadron of the marine corps
These squadrons were incurred in June and July 1944 by renaming of the multi-role squadrons and were equipped with 12 transport aircraft R4D (C-47) Skytrain. Those were from August, 1944, being replaced by the transport aircraft R5C-1 (C-46) Commando. The squadron provided transport materials and troops, dropping supplies on parachutes and get injured..

k tem leteckym jednotkam :


Carrier Air Group - v RAF i USA zatim prekladame jako palubni letecka skupina
Fighter-Bombing Squadron - stíhací-bombardovací (s pomlckou, ne bez, o tom byly velke debaty )


Artillery Spotting Division - divize dělostřeleckých návodčích ?


ty groupy a wingy - muzes prekladat "pres linkator" - v USAF se vetsina nazvu jiz vyskytuje

díky moc za připomínky!


stíhací-bombardovací a pomlčka --- ok, nemám s tím sebemenší problém


Carrier - palubní --- oj, já hlava děravá, to mi vůbec nedošlo a přitom je to tak jasné, achjo... zapracuji



na zbytek ještě kouknu

Hele, jak jsem psal, nemám s tou pomlčkou problém. Ale tady na válce, i jinde na netu, to vidím psané bez té pomlčky, viz např. https://www.valka.cz/topic/view/73032. Analogicky třeba i "zvědná bombardovací" máme bez pomlčky...

Pak bych taky chtěl probrat, zda psát u jednotek


torpédovací či torpédová


vyskytuje se obojí, i zde u nás na foru


vesměs vidím torpédový člun a torpédový bombardér, takže se ptám, zda je ok, kdy od toho odvodím
torpédová peruť
a stejně tak
torpédová bombardovací peruť



nebo je u jednotek posun od torpédový k torpédovací a píše se tedy
torpédovací peruť
a stejně tak
torpédovací bombardovací peruť



anebo záleží na tom, zda je to slovo Torpedo samostatné, nebo zda je ve složenině a tedy se píše


torpédová peruť
ale
torpédovací bomnardovací


či naopak


torpédovací peruť
ale
torpédová bombardovací peruť



či čili jak překládat,


Torpedo Squadron
Torpedo Bombing Squadron
Torpedo-Bombing Squadron
Torpedo Bomber Reconnaissance Squadron

Psaní adjektiv k flota (a rovnou i flotila) a torpédo (vč. složenin) jsem přes kolegyni konzultoval s pracovnicí ÚJČ. Ještě se na to podívám a postupně zapracuji to, co se týká floty a torpéd. K pozornosti širšího pléna doporučiji hlavně ten konec, který se týká používání spojovníků mezi adjektivy tohoto typu.




Od substantiva „flota“ (v originále Fleet) je vhodnější adjektivum „flotní“, nebo „flotový“?
výkladové slovníky češtiny adjektivum neuvádějí, doporučuji podobu flotový. Přípona -ový je nejfrekventovanější příponou, kterou se tvoří vztahová adjektiva



Od slova „flotila“ (v originále Flotilla; výrazně menší jednotka než flota) je vhodnější adjektivum „flotilní“, nebo „flotilový“?
podle SSJČ i Nového akademického slovníku má adj. podobu flotilový



Je vhodnější psát „torpédový bombardér“, nebo „torpédovací bombardér“?
Je vhodnější psát „torpédová peruť“, nebo „torpédovací peruť“?
V obou případech doporučuji adj. torpédový. V Českém národním korpusu jsem našla spojení torpédový bombardér 96×, torpédovací bombardér ani jednou. Pochopitelně, že ani spojení torpédovací bombardér chybné není. Obě příd. jm. vyjadřují totéž.


Je vhodné aby to byl stejný tvar jak pro letadlo, tak i pro jednotku letadlem vybavenou, nebo naopak rozdílný, anebo je to z lingvistického hlediska irelevantní?
Tomu moc nerozumím. To se vztahuje ke dvojici předchozí? Pokud ano, tak doporučuji užít adj. torpédový.


Často je to i ve složeninách (s pomlčkou i spojkou). Je pak vhodnější:
„torpédovací a bombardovací peruť“, respektive „torpédovací-bombardovací peruť“, nebo
„torpédová a bombardovací peruť“, respektive „torpédová-bombardovací peruť“?
Spojovník se mezi těmito typy adjektiv běžně v češtině neužívá. Pokud se však zvolí spojka a, tak dané spojení nemusí být jednoznačné – může to vyznít, že jde jednak o torpédovou peruť a jednak o bombardovací peruť, tedy o perutě dvě, nebo o peruť jednu mající dvě funkce. Pokud jde o druhý význam, šlo by to vyřešit podobou torpédově-bombardovací.

Martin Smíšek
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Zakládám perutě USMC a koukám přitom samozřejmě na dosavadní překlady, hlavně do leteckých jednotek letectva a námořnictva. Narazil jsem na problém a rád bych ho pořešil, než to začnu zakládat/překládat. Máme tu trochu rozplizlé překlady pro Attack a Strike.


Dotaz: Můžeme se domluvit, že bude


Strike = Úderný
Attack = Bitevní
Heavy Attack = Těžký bitevní
Strike Fighter = úderně-stíhací
Fighter Attack = stíhací-bitevní
All-Weather Fighter Attack = stíhací-bitevní pro každé počasí
All-Weather Attack = bitevní pro každé počasí


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(Assault = Útočný (netýká se letectva, doplňuji spíše pro úplnost))






Předem díky za vyjádření/pomoc/připomínky.