Operace Cobra

Operation Cobra
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Towards the end of June, the crew High command of the allied expeditionary forces (SHAEF) has developed a document called the LUCKY STRIKE. He analyzed the possibilities of further procedure in the case of a breakthrough of the German defensive lines in Normandy. The authors proceeded from the fact that the Germans in this area have deployed most advance, and their defense therefore lacked sufficient depth, especially in the american sector. Here on the contrary, continued for the accumulation of forces and means. It should use just operation COBRA.

When Bradley obtained Eisenhower's approval, introduced a 12. July on Omaha beach operation plan to his commanders councils and major staff officers. There followed a discussion, during which it has incorporated some of the changes. Was active mainly general Collins. Shifted to the beginning of the event. Were originally with the 18. July, however, Saint-Lô it was the Americans ensure to 19. July and only on the following day 9. and 30. infantry division occupied the area along the road to Periers-Saint-Lô. Were not available or air means, since the bombers were deployed to support the british operation GOODWOOD.

This operation failed, because the British after heavy losses gain only less than ten kilometers of territory, however, convinced the Germans that the main allied onslaught will continue in the british sector after the cast Caen. The German tanks were preferentially located here, making it easier for Americans procedure at the Saint-Lô.

The beginning of operation COBRA was to report the carpet bombing of the area immediately in front of Collins ' VII. choir. The commanders of the units 8. air army of which weren't exactly thrilled. They felt that the army again encountered resistance, and they now must your bombers to commit to the close air support, which was a task primarily for 9. air army (tactical), instead of to take strategic strikes against the German industry. The uselessness of carpet-bombing, according to them, showing even the unconvincing result of operations CHARNWOOD and GOODWOOD. Bradley but on the implementation of the air raid lasted. Demanded but the use of stoliberních bombs, which do not create large craters braking process tanks, and his troops ordered to proceed only three-quarters of a mile behind the incident bombs. He also demanded that the bombers flown parallel to the front line and to the beginning of the air raids came after the acquisition of the area north of the road Periers-Saint-Lô, for this communication constituted a readily identifiable northern edge of the target zone. The air force, on the contrary because of the German flakům required perpendicular airstrikes in and out of the advancing ground troops from the edge of the zone up to nearly five miles, to reduce the chances of intervention of its own forces. Eventually he was 19. July found a compromise. Soldiers should proceed kilometer per incident bombs and the area closest to them should cover the low-flying fighter-bombers. Even so, there were a number of questions about the cooperation of the air force with the army nevyjasněna.

Bradley wanted to the operations of the COBRA removed the unit from the sealed and rugged area of the bocage to the south, laid the highlands, where they have an armored unit space for wide maneuvers.

Most of the units VII. corps had to break through the German defensive lines and then turn west towards the coast and the city of Coutances. 30. infantry division she on the contrary, the task of curling up on the east to the river Vire, along which it should develop and build a screen against a possible German attempt to counterattack into the flank of the attacking american forces. Other councils should in their sectors carry out limited offensive operations, whose task should be the establishment of the German units, which could not be moved to area VII. corps. The successful execution of this maneuver would open the way to Brittany. These open the door then you should take advantage of the newly Patton's 3. army to the next procedure. So should be exempted Brittany and then the area towards the Paris.

The German plan was Hitlerům the requirement for the detention of the allied advance in Normandy. Kluge while he was getting help, but you more or less sufficient only to close the loopholes, not to create backups for the formation of a strike force capable Allies to push into the sea. A number of the units were still in the area Calais. Even if he was ordered to transfer them, they would have to be transported by rail through the Paris, however, the tracks in northwestern France were heavily damaged. Hitler in addition, until August refused to build a backup line of defense. And then it was already too late.

Some German commanders in the field hailed the american's ability to quick strike on the peninsula of the Cotentin, which contrasted with the Montgomery metodičtějším approach, and they began to gradually realize, that in the american sector starting to face a still greater danger. So, there was a movement Tank instruction division, but the British still pushed and there was not enough backups..
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Úvod




Situace na frontě


Spojenci
Němci


Plán




Podpůrné operace




Útok a průlom 25.7.1944-27.7.1944




Postup 28.7.1944-31.7.1944




Bluecoat vs. 30.7.1944-7.8.1944




3. armáda přichází




Závěr




Zdroje



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cobra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bluecoat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Goodwood
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Atlantic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Spring
www.dtic.mil
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Operace-Cobra-t166487#542677 Version : 0
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