Pevnost Hradec Králové

Fortress Hradec Kralove / Festung Königsgratz
     
Název:
Name:
Pevnost Hradec Králové Fortress Hradec Kralove
Originální název:
Original Name:
Pevnost Hradec Králové
Další názvy:
Other Names:
c. a k. pevnostní město Hradec Králové
Obec:
Municipality:
Hradec Králové Hradec Králove
GPS souřadnice:
GPS Coordinates:
50°12'36.31"N 15°49'56.38"E
Fotografie nebo nákres:
Photo or Sketch:
Typ pevnostního komplexu:
Type of Fortress Complex:
bastionový komplex bastion complex
Vyšší pevnostní celek:
Upper Fortress Complex:
žádný no
Části pevnostního komplexu:
Components of the Fortress Complex:
- -
Zahájení stavby:
Start of Construction:
DD.MM.1766
Dokončení stavby:
Completion of Construction:
DD.MM.1789
Výzbroj:
Armament:
240 děl
240 guns
Posádka:
Crew:
3 600 mužů
Bojové využití:
Combat Use:
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.RRRR žádné
DD.MM.RRRR-DD.MM.RRRR no
Současný stav:
Current Condition:
nepatrné zbytky small relics
Přístupnost:
Accessibility:
volně přístupno open free
Poznámka:
Note:
- -
Zdroje:
Sources:
Vladimír Kupka a kolektiv: Pevnosti a opevnění v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezku (Praha 2001)
Iveta Pacholátková: Zánik královéhradecké pevnosti a její pozůstatky v současnosti (Hradec Králové 2009)
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Hradec-Kralove-t121749#421545 Version : 0
Strength of Hradec Králové
Fortress Hradec Kralove
Festungstadt Königsgratz


At the confluence of the Elbe with the Eagle, on a hill with the former slavníkovským fort, was founded in 1225, Ottokar I the royal city of Hradec Králové. The fortifications of the city formed a brick wall with prismatic, inside the open turrets. For Václav II. she was in front of this wall předsunuta parkánová wall with půlválcovými bastions. During the hussite wars in the 15th. century was the city's fortifications reinforced by another wall, built at the foot of the hillock. In the years 1639-40, during the thirty years ' war, was Hradec Kralove in the hands of the Swedes, who reinforced the exterior wall of eight earth bastions, one protruding ravelinem and two star pevnůstkami in the foreland.

After the loss of Kladska and the majority of Silesia, which after losing the silesian wars, annexed by Prussia, it was necessary to replace the lost klodzko and the silesian fortresses, protecting in the meantime, the austrian northern border. According to the proposal of 1763 should therefore be built bastionová fort either in the city of Hradec Králové or in the north-lying village Dance in Jaroměř. Plans of the two fortresses have been processed, implemented, however, was only one of them – the year 1766, construction began on the bastion fortress of Hradec Kralove under the project, processed the lieutenant colonel engineer Václav Pavlovským of Rosenfeldu and general James R. Spallartem.

The internal circuit of its fortifications consisted of eight bastionů united kurtinami and protected either directly to any of the rivers, or moat. The middle line of defense consisted of eight triangular ravelinů and two lunet. The outside line formed as a generally covered the path for the moat. An important element of the fortification system was the floodgates, allowing to flood the entire front of the fortress of the water of the Elbe and Orlice. The entrance to the fortress to allow the three gates (the Prague of the west, Silesian to the east, the Moravian in the south) and five poteren. Due to the přepokládanému flooding of the foreland led the way to the gates after the raised dam.

All the fortification elements were built only in the natural version, it was only after the year 1779 was approached to their cihelnému sheathing and addition of other defensive objects. On four bastionech were in 1789 built kasematové cavaliers, the defense of a covered trip have intensified the lunette, blokhausy and girders, and into the foreland were is forwarded three separate lunettes (flošny), allowing, inter alia, also the side postřelování access the dam.

In 1778, another war breaks out with Prussia (1778-1779), in the course of which, however, the prussian army to Hradec Kralove't even get, because it was stopped by the austrian makeshift field fortifications in Jaroměř (where then was only built originally planned strength of the Prom/Josefov). To the only combat use of the strength of Hradec Králové so occurred until 1866, when over her after losing the battle in a nearby Orchard receded part of the defeated units of the austrian army. The prussians, advancing on the the Doorstep, leaving from scientifically fortified Hradec Králové only cover the choir, whose activities up to the conclusion of a truce limited to the observation and the occasional exchange of artillery rounds with strength batteries.

Due to the fact that the course of the war in 1866 definitively prove the explore useless for a while expensive star forts in the age of large mass armies, was a fortress in the Hradec Králové by an imperial decree of 18. April 1884 cancelled and to 20. years 20. century was its fortifications up on the slight remains of demolished.

Sources:
- Vladimir Kupka and a team: Strength and fortifications in Bohemia, Moravia and in the Slezku (Prague 2001)
- Iveta Pacholátková: the Demise of the government of the fort and its remains in the present (Hradec Králové 2009)
- fortifikace.bloguje.cz.
Pevnost Hradec Králové - Opevnění Hradce Králové v letech 1639-40

Opevnění Hradce Králové v letech 1639-40
Pevnost Hradec Králové - Stavební plán pevnosti Hradec Králové z roku 1767

Stavební plán pevnosti Hradec Králové z roku 1767
Pevnost Hradec Králové - Demoliční plán pevnosti Hradec Králové z roku 1893

Demoliční plán pevnosti Hradec Králové z roku 1893
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Pevnost-Hradec-Kralove-t121749#416660 Version : 0
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