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Reklama
Lieutenant General Mariano Alonso Alonso was born in 1899 in Madrid. At the age of 15 he started his studies at the Infantry Academy, graduating in June 1917 as a Second Lieutenant.
Subsequently, he holds various posts in the infantry units and at his own request is in 1920 transferred to Morocco protectorate, where he serves between November 1920 and April 1924 in the units of Indigenous Police (Policía Indígena) and Indigenous Intervention Forces (Intervenciones Indígenas). In June 1924, he became a Captain, and after that he briefly served in Huesca but in April 1925 returned to his previous position with the indigenous forces located at Harca de Tetuán. During this period he acquired deep knowledge and understanding of indigenous Moroccan culture and language.
He is sent in 1930 to the Higher War School (Escuela Superior de Guerra) and after its graduation in 1934 received a diploma of the General Staff. Since Juny 1934 till august 1939 holds office as inspector of Jalifianas forces.
Jalifianas Forces
In turmoil and uprising in July 1936, Mariano is actively involved in the combats on the national side. After short stay at Tetuánhe is posted to command of newly recruited Tetuan tabors 1). With them he participates in the Battle of Brunette as well in most of the major battles of the war. In May 1937 he became be Commandant (Major?) and July of the same year habilited as Lieutenant Colonel.
After end of the war is Alonso appointed as delegate for indigenous issues and Mezjanías Inspector 2). This office holds till January 1942 when is appointed as Governor General of Gulf of Guinea Possessions. During this period he became be in November 1943 Colonel and at the December 1943 returns to continental Spain.
(Založeno během linkování / Created during linking)Mezjanías Forces
In period from February 1944 till July 1958 serves in various positions in military education at the General Military Academy (Academia General Militar) and Army High School (Escuela Superior del Ejército). Since July 1958 till September 1961 holds office as Governor of Sahara (BOE 1902/1961) province and to end of this term he receives rank of Lieutenant General.
After this period he holds offices as Commandant of Balearic Islands (Capitánia General del Islas Baleares) (10.1961-12.1921) since December 1962 till October 1964 5th Military Region (Región Militar 5) and since this date till october 1965 1st Military Region in Madrid. After his retirement 11.10.1965 (BOE 3073/1965) he is appointed as a State Councillor for the Land Forces (1965, 1968,1971) (BOE 3147/1965, 2995/1968, 3011/1971). Mariano Alonso was one of the most experienced members of the Indigenous Intervention Forces, gathering a very wide knowledge of the customs and structures of the indigenous Moroccan forces. He sharded this his knowledges and experiences in various articles in magazine "Africa, magazine of colonial forces" (África. Revista de tropas coloniales), also various articles and lectures for intervention units in Tetuan.
1) Tabor can be considered as equivalent for battalion 2) Moroccan Civil Guard
Referneces:
Boletin official de estado (1961), Decreto 1902/1961 por el que se dispone cese en el cargo de Gobernador general de la Provincia del Sahara el Teniente General don Mariano Alonso Alonso [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024] Boletin official de estado (1965), Decreto 3073/1965, por el que se dispone que el Teniente General don Mariano Alonso Alonso pase al «Grupo de Destino de Arma o Cuerpo» [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024] Boletin official de estado (1965), Decreto 3147/1965, por el que se nombra Consejero electivo del Consejo de Estado a don Mariano Alonso Alonso.[online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024] Boletin official de estado (1968), Decreto 2995/1968, por el que se designa nuevamente Consejero electivo del Consejo de Estado a don Mariano Alonso Alonso [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024] Boletin official de estado (1969), Decreto 2364/1969,por el que se dispone que el Teniente General don Mariano Alonso Alonso pase a la situación de reserve [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024] Boletin official de estado (1971), por el que se designa nuevamente Consejero electivo del Consejo de Estado a don Mariano Alonso Alonso [online] www.boe.es [accessed 11. February 2024] El Ejército de África (2010), Hispanauta [online] hispanauta.blogia.com [accessed 11. February 2024] Real Academia de Historia [online] dbe.rah.es [accessed 11. February 2024]
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Následne zastáva rôzne posty u jednotiek pechoty a na vlastnú žiadosť je preradený do Marockého protektorátu kde pôsobí medzi novembrom 1920 a aprílom 1924 u jednotiek Domorodej polície (Policía Indígena) a Domorodých intervenčných sil (Intervenciones Indígenas).
V júny 1924 sa stáva kapitánom a následne na to, krátky čass pôsobý v Huescaa v apríly 1925 sa vracia znovu ku svojemu predošlému pôsobisku, do protektorátu u intervenčných sil v Harca de Tetuán. Počas tohoto pôsobenia získal hlboké znalosti o domorodom jayzku ako aj o marockej kulture. V 1930 je vyslaný na Vyššiu vojnovú školu (Escuela Superior de Guerra) po skončení ktorej v 1934 obdrží dipolm generálneho štábu. Od júna 1934 do augusta 1939 zastáva post inšpektora Jalifianských sil (Inspección de Fuerzas Jalifianas, domorodé marocké sily pozn.). Jalifianské sily Po vypuknutí povstania v júly 1936 sa aktívne zapája do bojov na národnej strane. Po krátkom pôsobení v Tetuáne sa postaví na čelo taborov (jednotka domorodých sil približne prapor pozn.) ktoré sú zrekrutované z oblasti Ifni a spolu s nimi sa účastní bojov bitvy Brunette ako aj vačšiny velkých bitiek vojny. V máji 1937 je povýšený na komandanta (comandante, majora?) a v júly toho istého roku /habilitovaný/ ako podpplukovník.
Po skončení vojny je menovaný delegátom pre domorodné záležitosti a inšektor pre Mezjanías (marocká civilná garda) a na tejto pozícii zostáva až do januára 1942 kedy je ustanovený generálnym guvernérom Držav Guinejského zálivu, počas tohto obdobia sa stáva v novembri 1943 plukovníkom a na poloostrov sa vracia v decembri 1943.
Mezjanías V období od februára 1944 do júla 1958 pôsobí v rámci vojenského vzdelávania na rôznych postoch na Hlavnej vojenskej akadémii (Academia General Militar) a Vyššej vojenskej škole (Escuela Superior del Ejército).
V období od júla 1958 do septembra 1961 je mu zverená provincia Sahara (BOE 1902/1961), pričom koncom svojho pôsobenia sa stáva generálporučíkom.
Od okróbra 1961 do decembera 1962 velí Baleárskym ostrovom, následne do októbra 1964 5. vojenskej oblasti a od tohoto dátumu ža do októbra 1965 1. vojenskej oblasti v Madride. Následne odchádza do výslužby 11.10.1965 (BOE 3073/1965) a je štátnym radcom pre pozemné sily (1965, 1968,1971) (BOE 3147/1965, 2995/1968, 3011/1971).
Mariano Alonso bol jedným z najskúsenejších členov domorodých intervenčných sil, pričom zhromaždil velmi široké vedomosti o zvykoch a štruktúry domorodých marockých sil. O tieto skúsenosti sa podelil prostredníctvom svojich publikácii a článkov v časopise Afrika, časopis koloniálnych sil (África. Revista de tropas coloniales), akoaj ako články a prednášky pre intervenčné jednotky v Tetuáne.
Zdroje
Boletin official de estado (1961), Decreto 1902/1961 por el que se dispone cese en el cargo de Gobernador general de la Provincia del Sahara el Teniente General don Mariano Alonso Alonso [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024]
Boletin official de estado (1965), Decreto 3073/1965, por el que se dispone que el Teniente General don Mariano Alonso Alonso pase al «Grupo de Destino de Arma o Cuerpo» [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024]
Boletin official de estado (1965), Decreto 3147/1965, por el que se nombra Consejero electivo del Consejo de Estado a don Mariano Alonso Alonso.[online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024]
Boletin official de estado (1968), Decreto 2995/1968, por el que se designa nuevamente Consejero electivo del Consejo de Estado a don Mariano Alonso Alonso [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024]
Boletin official de estado (1969), Decreto 2364/1969,por el que se dispone que el Teniente General don Mariano Alonso Alonso pase a la situación de reserve [online] www.boe.es 11. February 2024]
Boletin official de estado (1971), por el que se designa nuevamente Consejero electivo del Consejo de Estado a don Mariano Alonso Alonso [online] www.boe.es [accessed 11. February 2024]
Real Academia de Historia [online] dbe.rah.es [accessed 11. February 2024]
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