Branná moc říšská

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Branná moc říšská



Jana Lepaře Popis mocnářství rakousko-uherského, I. L. Kober, Praha 1875:


Branná moc říšská v obou částech říše spořádána jest na novo r. 1868. Každý občan povinen jest po 20. roce věku svého službou vojenskou až na výmínky nejpotřebnější podpory rodičů, bratří a p. Služba trvá 10 let, a to řadová 3 léta a po ostatní dobu záložná. Studující, kteří dokonali studia gymn. aneb vyšších škol realných a p., mohou dobrovolně vstoupiti v službu řadovou, kterou pak konají na své útraty jenom 1 rok ve volné době před uplynutím 25. roku jich věku; chudým s výbornými vysvědčeními poskytne se kromě toho výživa, a čeho jinak zapotřebí, ze společného vydání vojenského. Všechna branná moc dělí se na stálé vojsko pozemské a válečné loďstvo, pak na obranu a na hotovosť zemskou. Stálé vojsko pozemské (řadové i záložné) a loďstvo válečné činí společné vojsko říšské, podřízené společnému ministerii vojenskému, kdežto ostatní části branné moci stojí pod ministry zemské obrany v příčině správní, v příčině válečné však pod zvláštními kommandanty a vojevůdci válečnými. Pozemské stálé vojsko řadové („pěchota,“ „myslivci,“ jezdectvo: [„husaři, huláni, kyrysníci a dragóni“], „dělostřelci,“ plukové „ženijní,“ „pionéři,“ vojsko „vozné“ a t. d.) v čas míru nečítá ani 300.000 mužů, kdežto v čas války se zálohou dostoupiti může k 850.000 a s obranou zemskou (v Tyrolích se „střelci zemskými“, v uherských zemích s „honvédy“) až přes 1,000.000 mužů. Válečných lodí bylo 1871 celkem 67, z nich 44 parní as s 16.000 mužů. Pevností, tvrzí a opevněných přístavů jest 48. Největší pevnosti jsou: Olomouc a Komárno, nejpevnější přístavy Pulja, Terst a Kotor.
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From the history:


From the end of the thirty years ' war to the end of the century (1649-1700)
The history of standing armies has in the habsburg countries its beginning in the year 1649, when emperor Ferdinand III. issued a resolution, which for the first time legally adjust his existence. Yet, they were before every conflict the soldiers of the newly recruited or hired and after the termination of their formation dissolved. This practice has now changed. After the westphalian peace of 1648, which ended the thirty years ' war, was a significant part of the regiments again dissolved, however, referred to the resolution mandating that even in time of peace to maintain 9 infantry regiments, 9 cavalry (kyrysnických) regiments and 1 dragounský regiment. Way of replenishment of these units has not changed, continue relying on free recruitment.

Infantry regiments consisted of packed, who were armed with pike, and musketeers, who used muskets with matchlocks. Heavy cavalry was represented by the cuirassiers. You are no longer from head to toe protected by the armour, of them remained only a cuirass and helmet. Armed with were palašem and guns. Dragoons, who were the successor arkebuzírů, they used horses primarily for the movement, in the fight to operate as infantry. Had no armour and armed with were a musket. Light cavalry consisted of Croats. This name describing only the riders from the area of today's Croatia, but all the cavalry of the countries of the st stephen crown. Up to the year 1688, when it was established the first regular force regiment. The croats were riders without protective armor, who were armed with carbine and saber. Appointed were for the management of irregular war, the attacks on the back of an opponent or guard duty.

In the second half of the 17. century the numbers of troops very varied. At the outbreak of new conflicts were set up new regiments to be after the conclusion of peace once again dissolved. So, for example, in the year 1659, there were army 35 infantry regiments, in the year 1661, after the olivském rate of only 10 infantry regiments. Three years later should the army during the campaign in Hungary 20 regiments, after vasvárském peace already just 12; in 1679 it was the regiments of the 21st, after nijmwegenském rate of just 11. In 1698 it cost 37 regiments. It was similar even in the cavalry, where in rpce 1664, there were 17 regiments, after nijmwegenském peace paj only 17. The highest state reached the imperial cavalry of the seventeenth century, in the year 1678, when there were 26 regiments.

During the Turkish wars, 1683-1698 were again set up and hajducké regiments, which was at this time the name for the Hungarian infantry units. Too long but couldn't - part of it was cancelled before, the part after the karlovickém peace. Towards the end of the century by pedestrian bodies completely disappeared protective armor and výbroj has settled on the rifles with the bayonet. In the framework of the infantry regiments also began to discover the grenadiers - soldiers armed with ručnímy grenades.

At the beginning of the 18. century consisted of the imperial army 29 infantry regiments, 18 kyrysnických regiments, 9 dragounských regiments and 2 hussar regiments.


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