Windisch-Graetz, Alfred zu

     
Příjmení:
Surname:
z Windisch-Graetze zu Windisch-Graetz
Jméno:
Given Name:
Alfréd Kandid Ferdinand Alfred Candidus Ferdinand
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
Alfred Candid Ferdinand zu Windisch-Graetz
Fotografie či obrázek:
Photograph or Picture:
Hodnost:
Rank:
polní maršál Field Marshal
Akademický či vědecký titul:
Academic or Scientific Title:
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Šlechtický titul:
Hereditary Title:
říšský kníže Prince of the Empire
Datum, místo narození:
Date and Place of Birth:
11.05.1787 Brusel
11.05.1787 Brussels
Datum, místo úmrtí:
Date and Place of Decease:
21.03.1862 Vídeň
21.03.1862 Vienna
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(maximálně tři)
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Související články:
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Zdroje:
Sources:
de.wikipedia.org
Constantin von Wurzbach: heslo Windisch-Grätz, Alfred Candid Ferdinand Reichsfürst. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 57. Theil. Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien 1889
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Windisch-Graetz-Alfred-zu-t95600#356365 Version : 0
     
Příjmení:
Surname:
z Windisch-Graetze zu Windisch-Graetz
Jméno:
Given Name:
Alfréd Kandid Ferdinand Alfred Candidus Ferdinand
Jméno v originále:
Original Name:
Alfred Candid Ferdinand zu Windisch-Graetz
Všeobecné vzdělání:
General Education:
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Vojenské vzdělání:
Military Education:
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Důstojnické hodnosti:
Officer Ranks:
DD.06.1804 nadporučík
DD.MM.1805 druhý rytmistr
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Vyznamenání:
Awards:
Poznámka:
Note:
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Zdroje:
Sources:
de.wikipedia.org
Constantin von Wurzbach: heslo Windisch-Grätz, Alfred Candid Ferdinand Reichsfürst. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 57. Theil. Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien 1889
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Windisch-Graetz-Alfred-zu-t95600#623982 Version : 0
Field marshal Alfred Kandid Ferdinand reich the prince of Windisch-Graetze
(Alfred Candid Ferdinand Reichsfürst zu Windisch-Graetz)

knight of the order of the Golden fleece, holder of the velkokříže the Order of Maria Theresa


Childhood
The future field marshal and the savior of the danube monarchy from 1848, was born 11. in may 1787 in the Brussels in what was then the Austrian Netherlands Joseph Nicholas reich the count of Windisch-Graetze and his second wife, Maria Františce Leopoldině princess of Arenbergu. Childhood he spent the young count partly in the Vienna, partly on the ancestral domain in the Tachov and Bark. His education was ensured by several teachers and educators, among them one French nobleman in exile. In 1802 Joseph Nicholas died. As already previously died also both of Alfred's elder brothers, he inherited the then fifteen-year-old young man majorátní manor and lands in Bohemia. Due to the young age of the managed property to his mother as his guardian, with spoluporučníkem was Josef Jan of Nepomuk, prince of Schwarzenberg. 24. in may 1804 was promoted emperor rod Windisch-Graetzů to the status of imperial princes. An adolescent at the time, was finishing my studies of classical studies, history and French literature. Fluent in spoken German and French. Now is the time to decide what to do with my other life. The young prince chose military service in the imperial army, although it from this family that would've liked it more diplomatic or political service, is discouraged.

the Entrance to the imperial army
After a short military training he joined the young prince in June 1804 as a lieutenant to the Hulánskému regiment no. 2. First served in the staff station in the Uherský Brod, then in the autumn in Prague, where he met and became acquainted with many important persons. Of the many names can be for example to indicate the emperor Francis, archduke Charles, the prussian prince Louis Ferdinand or the princess from Solmsu, which later became the hannoverskou queen, an experienced general of cavalry Franz Seraphim prince Rosenberg-Orsini, equestrian commander of Ludwig Georg Thedela von Wallmoden-Gimborn or Charles the count Civalart von Happancourt and also seasoned warriors such were the stables of Karl free the lord of the Scheibler or Friedrich Karl free lord Tettenborn. In the winter he took leave and visited his relatives on his mother's side in Brussels. Here again he met with many French generals and officers. The French then tried to get to his side of the imperial states from the Rhine and Arenbergové were considered to be half a Frenchman, the young Windisch-Graetzovi then offered the prestigious post of the commander of one of the French cavalry regiments. Windisch-Graetz but this offer he refused, because of the betrayal of the emperor hated his principles. In the spring of 1805 came back to Moravia to his regiment. Just in time, because in a few months should vypuknutout another war.

In captivity
At the beginning of October 1805 had Windisch-Graetz, freshly promoted to the rank of second rytmistra, your first battle in the vicinity of the bavarian Ulm. His section was here together with other units taken after the lost battle at Ulm and the subsequent surrender of the austrian army into captivity. Here he met with the French general, count Augustine Daniel Belliardem, chief of staff to marshal Murat, whom he personally knew from his stay in Brussels. His through he asked for his release prior to the expected in exchange. The general arranged for his audience with Napoleon, who knew his grandmother the princess of Arenbergu and very respect for her. Thanks to these connections the prince received permission for early release for himself and his friend from the regiment rytmistra of Charles prince of Auersbergu. Together they returned home to Bohemia, where they were after losing the battle of Austerlitz, which did not attend, formally exchanged for the captured French.

Patrolling in Bavaria
Windisch-Graetz was during the campaign witnessed bad leadership and bad organization of the troops, but from another service, it's not dissuaded. On the contrary, he became an ardent student and supporter of the military reforms of the archduke Charles. In 1808, he was with his regiment appointed commander of the eskadrony and more diligently deepened military education, on which heeded even by their subordinates. To those acted friendly and did not have distant relationship, although most of them couldn't from a social point of view at all equal. When I broke out in 1809, another war, the regiment had been relegated to Even. the army corps, which was commanded by general of cavalry
Heinrich Joseph Johann, count von Bellegarde. Huláni given a task to go on the left danube bank from Bohemia to Bavaria and monitored using patrol oddřadů the movement of enemy columns, which started from the middle and northern Germany. One such patrol groups Windisch-Graetz commanded and traveled with him to the surroundings of Bayreuth, where they then had to go back to the main forces, which were retreating to southern Bohemia. Before leaving Bayrethu got the order here, he threw into the air a total of a large warehouse of weapons and ammunition. This order he refused to comply, as it would mean destruction for the entire neighborhood and the deterioration of the relationship of the bavarian population to the austrian army. Due to the rapid development on the front left of this insubordination without punishment. During the march of the southern Bohemia and Lower Austria acted Windisch-Graetzova eskadrona as protection works the backup artillery. After participated in the survey before the battle and the battle of Aspern. Windisch-Graetz here got 22. may 1809 gunshot wound to the abdomen.

Success in the Upper Fact
Fortunately, the wound just was touched by and wounds to speed healing. Windisch-Graetz was promoted to major and assigned to the intended Czech paid to the estates zeměbraneckému dragounskému regiment. At his own request, but was reassigned to the row unit, which was Hulánský regiment no 1. Here now was given the task to go in the forefront of two and a half eskadrony on the Czech-franckou the border, where he had to strengthen the XI. army corps field podmaršála Michael free lord von Kienmayera. The one here had to face the advancing troops of general Jean-Andoche Junota and westphalian king Jerome Bonaparte. Barely Windisch-Graetz arrived in Cheb, he received orders to the head of the Kienmayerovy driving fast bolted to the Upper Frank to the city of Gefrees, where 8. July Kienmayer Junota clearly defeated. 12. July was at plauen, who is there repulsed and procedure Jerome Bonaparte. To Kienmayerovi arrived the bad news from Wagram, and therefore tried to occupy the largest piece of territory, to ensure the best conditions for peace negotiations. He sent, therefore, Windisch-Graetze, to persecute the retreating troops. The prince managed to occupy the bank of the river Halls and all the way to Erfurt. The achievements but frustrate the outcome of the fighting on the austro-moravian border. On the way from Erfurt to Windisch-Graetz stop on a visit to the grand duke, who it but prefer not to take to the French nekompromitoval. Prince him forget it and his later invitation in a more favorable time, did not react with the postscript that comes into the house into which he wasn't allowed to major in the imperial army.

Informed inactivity in politics
After the war, the prince devoted his professional military study and began to also hone in horsemanship, in which he was educated by a French émigré, who has been in this business master and many of his powers to the prince forward. Before, during and especially after the campaign of 1809 he started in all circles of society, government and senior military circles popping up all the politicking, however, Windisch-Graetz from the policy of keeping my distance and stay out of it. But when she had the austrian army to build an auxiliary corps for Napoleon's campaign to Russia, was reluctant to participate and asked for a release. The emperor refused his request, but he respected his loyalty and military ability, wherefore he granted the vacation, the length of which you had the prince identify himself. Free time was spent in Bohemia, where, however, within a short time she died my mother and sister. In the spring of 1813 he came to Vienna. The policy continues to stay out of it, but thanks to frequent contacts with Metternichem, the Russian envoy count Stackelbergem and other statesmen and diplomats were quite well informed about current events. When it was clear that the ratios of the turns and comes to a new war against Napoleon, ended his vacation.

the Victorious campaign against Napoleon
After returning to duty he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and joined the Švališérskému regiment no. 3. This famous regiment participated in the Russian campaign, in which he lost three of his regimental battalions. The Russian tsar is the end of the fighting, sent back to Vienna, but the emperor's regiment refused to go back to the time before their recovery they deserve in fighting your performances. That should take care of Windisch-Graetz. At the end of September and beginning of October he commanded the vanguard of the IV. army corps, with which he took part in 6. October fighting in Pennigu, 13. and 14. October at Liebertwolkwitz and after the famous battle of Leipzig. When the enemy 16. October took possession of the heights at Liebertwolkwitz, on which was located three guns, he realized Windisch-Graetz size of the resulting threats and quickly on this position he attacked with his divizionem, while personally led the frontal eskadronu. Even through the thick enemy fire with švališérům managed the French infantry to fight off and půlbaterii free. The other eskadronu then sent against the wings with French gardovému cavalry regiment, who managed to fend off. This allowed the austrian infantry occupy with the support of the Russian and prussian batteries Seifertsheim. At the same time could the austrian and Russian cavalry in an organised form and without major losses download in the trenches with Fuchsheinu. The French even in the evening try to Seifertsheim conquer the back, but the austrian infantry to the fighting on bayonets to maintain, which significantly helped the blows of Windisch-Graetzových riders against the advancing units. Švališérský regiment no. 3 for their deployment won back their battalions. After the occupation of Leipzig he commanded the prince in the vanguard of a light army division field podmaršála Maurice Joseph, prince of Liechtenstein. 20. December 1813 crossed the Lauffenbergu the river Rhine. In Frankfurt he was promoted to colonel and became commander of the Kyrysnického regiment no. 8, the oldest cavalry regiment of the austrian army, who once saved the emperor, and was endowed with many privileges. The emperor Francis was called by the prince of Windisch-Graetze to a personal audience, to warn him that the owner of the regiment of the Russian grand-duke Konstantin is a person that is not easy to come out and the regimental commander therefore must act smartly and at the same time, certainly, to prevent undue interference by the grand duke to the activities of the regiment.

In January 1814 he was Windisch-Graetz still in my riding vanguard, with whom he was at Salins, where hold down the fort St. Andrée, with seduced 1. February the struggle for Maisonsblanches and 4. February at the Grand-Vacheries. Prior to the first meeting wanted to find out hostile forces, to assess if it makes sense to attack them. He did so, he went to the enemy positions along with a trumpet and made it parlamentář, which wants to implement to the maximum profile of a visiting French general. In the meantime, looked at the French position. General, I knew that the Austrians about any of the negotiations and wanted him put to capture the. The prince was but quicker, thrust his horse spurs to the groin and quickly drove away.

In mid-February 1814 took the command of his regiment. Already 23. February him at Troyes he led into battle. With part of the regiment and two eskadronami cuirassiers from another regiment nine times attacked against the enemy's cavalry, which was outnumbered. This allowed Nostitzově backup equestrian division to conduct an orderly retreat. 25. march at La Fère-Champenoise he burst in between the four enemy guards regiments, which had covered the retreat of the marshals Mortiera and Marmonta, and beat them, although they outnumbered. The regiment captured many French soldiers and officers, among whom was also general Jamin. Gained also nine heavy guns.

2. may pinned the emperor in Paris, colonel Windisch-Graetzovi on the chest of the knight's cross of the Order of Maria Theresa for performance at Leipzig. The Russian tsar him for Troyes bestowed the Order of st. George of the fourth degree and for the La Fère-Champenoise honor dagger for bravery. During the ceremony of the entrance of the monarchs into Paris, accompanied by the princes Windisch-Graetzovi kyrysníci. The prince had the opportunity to meet outside the other and the grand duke Nicholas. The emperor then commissioned by to accompany to Turin, the sardinian king Charles Albert, who had again to take the throne. On this occasion the king bestowed the grand cross of the Order of st. Mauritius. In 1848 he him the prince sent back. The regiment, meanwhile, was stationed in Vienna, where took place the congress. The prince joined him right after returning from Italy. The regiment received new recruits and remonty, and the prince took care to them in the shortest possible process reported to the appropriate state. The regiment was the adornment of the majority of military ceremonies and he received numerous recognition from military officials from different countries and from the emperor Francis.

The campaign in 1815 the regiment took part, but he participated in the occupation of Paris in the direct subordination of the duke of Wellington. Windisch-Graetz took advantage of the time spent here to the knowledge of the land and its inhabitants. Must say that the French character and temper of his sympathy ever received. Towards the end of autumn he left the regiment to your peace of the crew in Brandys nad Labem. In 1819 the regiment had been sent to Vienna, there to celebrate the bicentennial from the moment when he saved the emperor Ferdinand II. On this occasion the emperor again confirmed the regimental privileges and honors. The regiment took advantage of its privileges and marched the imperial Hofburgem. When the emperor march of the regiment, headed by their chief Windisch-Graetzem watching from the window, switched to its highest komořímu count Wrbnovi that prince is a brilliant commander, but he sees him as more and he would be surprised at all if Windisch-Graetz in the future performed other great deeds in favor of the house of habsburg. It was indeed a prophetic word, how to confirm the far future.

The regiment on the basis of its privileges made the recruitment of the Burgplatzu and accepted into their ranks many of the recruits from the noble and the rich burgher families. The prince took advantage of another law of the regiment, which opened the door to the emperor. When the audience has reached that one brave stables of his regiment earned a well-deserved rank of major, although in this post-war period there were many other adepts. The prince continued much devoted himself to the education of the officers of the regiment, which was from the year 1820 stationed in Klatovy. The regiment paid for the best place for the gifted officers with the prospect of a successful career in the military. Colonel Windisch-Graetz insisted on good relations with its officers, which commonly dined and invited them to hunt on their estates.

At the end of the autumn of 1826 he was promoted to major general and in Prague took over the command of the grenadier brigade, whose main part consisted of three battalions assembled from divizionů nine Czech infantry regiments..
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