Efforts to make the church corrupt and to deviate from the original scripture of the Scripture appear to it. hundreds of years. These reforms also had a large base in France. In the late 1970s, the wealthy Lyon merchant Valdés, after reading the Bible and reviewing the Gospel message of human salvation, took his wealth and took to the streets to preach the gospel. Although & # 382; I do not have a church education that The church was not exactly to the liking, he and his Lyon followers were relatively close to Bishop Guichard. tolerated, the decision to live in poverty. toti & # 382; to anyone and & # 382; so it didn't matter. In addition to & # 283; The Waldensian Democratization of the Church and the freedom of preaching for the laity also proclaimed the demand for absolute poverty and the commitment to the gospel. Later, when & # 382; This extension has spread to other corners. Europe, it also influenced the beginnings of the Hussites and the emergence of fraternal unity in the Czech Republic, where many followers were found. To our region & # 367; he came with a handful of Waldensian Gilles Mersault from Picardy in 1418 and influenced the first radical currents in Tábor - hence the name pikharti. On the contrary, even the later Tábor dynasty had an influence on the Waldensians, who translated Hussite works of art. With his thoughts, Valdés found himself and & # 382; before the Council to enforce the right to preach. But there he reaped ridicule, I am marked as an unruly man and a fool. The success, however, was that the publicity was not labeled as cation. Thus the Waldenses found themselves in a place between the ruling church and Catharism.
Qatar & # 367; were called Albigensians in France. The teachings of the Albigensians spread mainly. in the south of France - near Gasko & # 328; ska, Tulouse and the Albi fortress, from which the Albigensians got their name. The Albigensians criticized the unnecessary wealth of the church, but at the same time he does not oppose the worldly wealth of the nobility & merchant, his merchandise. many of them won over. The large and small nobility, armed with the Qatari teachings, have worked to fight against the Church with the intention of enriching themselves at its expense, which & # 382; The Church, of course, & # 283; bothered, and thus cursed the Albigensians and forbade any contact with the counter. Nevertheless, the expansion of the Albigensian enlargement took place especially in the year 1179, when the majority of the population of southern France reported to them. So the Albigensians grew at the same time. like the Waldenses, but they sought from each other. differentiate, even if & # 382; the common enemy of these two religious groups of each other sbli & # 382; oval.
The Albigensians were inspired by the dualistic conception of light that spread from the Byzantine East. They emphasized the difference between good and evil, light and darkness. Matter and body were considered to be the doctrine for the good soul that Christ set free, but the catch is to be self-centered. he killed everything in the forest. Representatives took this very seriously, abstained from manhood, did not eat meat dishes outside of fish, or lived in poverty. . Others are about us. They cared in faith, and because of their ascetic style of life, they are more comfortable than "# 283;" mravn & # 283; fallen Catholics. They could not reconcile themselves with Christ's incarnation or with the Old Testament Lord's interest in this light. They considered God from the Old Testament to be evil, responsible for the material world. You are then for us. he was the god of the good soul.
After two years, when the teachings of the Albigensians flooded Gasko and the Toulouse region, he was convened at the Albi Synod. It did not result from us. that strict dualism, but only the extreme emphasis on the New Testament. Exclusively The dualistic tendency between the Albigensian scholar Niketas from Cahradica and the Qatari scholar Marek brought. Both convened a large Qatari festival in France in Saint Félix de Caraman near Toulouse. Here, a movement was defined that helped help. a strong church structure and perhaps even its own, non-follow-up, ordained bishops.The Albigensians found support from the nobility, which opposed the disproportionate property of the church, especially on the estate of the Viscount. from Béziers. The representatives of Qatar themselves were considered safe and distinct. separated from other followers. It was possible to enter between the pure and the perfect only with the help of the order of utterance, which was a priest of the Spirit and exalted the ecclesiastical church. Furthermore, they rejected ecclesiastical laws, orders, epics, ecclesiastical cult, teachings on the sacraments, altars, images, images and did not worship the saints. They did not even acknowledge Christ's message in the body, because they considered the body to be evil and perverted in the same way. like sex. Pregnancy was a problem, and it was said that this was said to be the case. in the body of the cable, and so the country had not lived before. will be born. Suicide was considered heroic against a hated body. They despised what they called the maiden of Babylon, the bishops of the antichrist. They preached equality between a man and a woman.
In the 14th century, the reformer Jan Viklef, born in 1324 in the village of Viklef near York, worked in England. This educated scholastic and Oxford professor, who, among other things, translated into the English Bible, compared the church's proficiency with biblical norms, denied divine controversy. the papacy, rejected indulgences, the worship of the image, the secular government of the Church, demanded secularization, a return to spiritual activity, and a life of poverty. ;. He adhered to the philosophy of pantheism, where everything was God. In his main work The Trialogue writes: "All nature is B & # 367; ha every creature is B & # 367; h; or what is in God in thought is B & # 367; h alone, but the idea is B & # 367; h and can be said, & # 382; ei donkey is B & # 367; h. "
Viklef's learning, along with humor, has secured him many followers. and adherents who, after his death, were called the Lollards and preached the evangelical truth as itinerant preachers. Thanks to & # 269; Czech students & # 367; at Oxford and also contact & # 367; with England, thanks for the wedding & # 283; sisters of Wenceslas IV. and King Richard II of England, learning lollard & # 367; it also reached the Czech lands, where it had a great influence on domestic reformers (Jeroným Pra & # 382; ský, Jan Hus). Viklef's ideas even caused a split at the University of Prague, Wenceslas IV. declared heretic and therefore forbidden to study.
In 1179, the 3rd Lateran Council was held in France with the aim of mobilizing forces against heretics. Pape & # 382; Alexander III. against the Albigensians in 1181 initiated trials into their & # 382; & # 269; ela built it & # 382; through the inquisitions of the consecrated Abbot Henry Marcy of Clairvaux, promoted to Bishop of Alban. To arms & # 283; the Catholic engraving of Provence and Langhuedoc was then called to besiege the heretical fortress of Lavaur. Valdés sought to defend the authenticity of his teachings and to distinguish the difference between Waldensianism and Albigensianism. Elsewhere, however, they were not very interested in their differences, and he sought to articulate his folk sermons. Elsewhere in the ideal of the Church, he lived in the government of the government. and the Waldenses were therefore still under surveillance. In 1209, numerous ranks of engravings, subjects, peasants, were assembled. a m & # 283; š & # 357; an & # 367; to the expedition & # 283; against kaci & # 345; & # 367; m. (It is said that 20,000 cavalrymen and ten times as many pedestrians took part in the expedition.) They marched through the Rhone Valley to the south of Albigen. First there was the siege of the fortress and the fortified city of Béziers, its residents refused to issue caches and societies. gathered to resist the enemy. After the attack on the city, the city moved to the Cathedral of St. She has Magdalena. It soon turned into a bloody bath, when there were not even seven children, children or the elderly, of whom there were about seven. thousand. The massacre continued with the burning of the entire city and the deaths of the people. 20,000 & # 367; resident.The people then continued on to the fortress of Carcassonne, which fell within a few weeks. The attackers were encouraged to fight much more ruthlessly and mercilessly, or more ruthlessly, or. heresy was marked as worse than paganism; Whoever killed a duck must have the highest place in heaven. Pape & # 382; Innocent III. he also authorized the Norman engraving of Simon of Montfort, who still received a large number of holy warriors to help. He cannot arrest but kill, thus initiating an uncompromising extermination process. Simon conquered the castle in Braun in 1210, but did not kill anyone else - he had them cut off their ears and pricked up. He left an eye on one to lead the others to the Cabaret, where they could bring bases & # 328; bo & # 382; í. The garrison of the besieged and conquered Minerva Castle was gathered in the meadow and burned without trial. Simon then continued to Lavaur, where 80 engravings were burned, counted by the Earl. Roger and his devotional nurse set up. The remaining 400 civilians & # 367; was also & # 283; & # 382; burned and pape & # 382; Simon was described by these "courageous Christian enthusiasts". A year later, the Pope and Simon the Earth.
Differences between heretics also arose, and so did Waldensian. The possibility of disputations and popular proclamations ended them, they were pushed to the margins by the Inquisition and the hunts for heresy. It was best in the alpine valleys of Savoie and Piedmont. The Albigensians were so decimated that they ceased to exist practically as a mass phenomenon.
Literature:
1) de Rosa, P .: Temné pape & # 382; ství, Praha 1997
2) Goll, J .: Chelic and Unity, Prague 1916
3) Molnár, A .: Valdenští, Prague 1991
4) Váchal, J .: The Church and the Fools (History of Sectarianism and Delusion), Prague 2000
Qatar & # 367; were called Albigensians in France. The teachings of the Albigensians spread mainly. in the south of France - near Gasko & # 328; ska, Tulouse and the Albi fortress, from which the Albigensians got their name. The Albigensians criticized the unnecessary wealth of the church, but at the same time he does not oppose the worldly wealth of the nobility & merchant, his merchandise. many of them won over. The large and small nobility, armed with the Qatari teachings, have worked to fight against the Church with the intention of enriching themselves at its expense, which & # 382; The Church, of course, & # 283; bothered, and thus cursed the Albigensians and forbade any contact with the counter. Nevertheless, the expansion of the Albigensian enlargement took place especially in the year 1179, when the majority of the population of southern France reported to them. So the Albigensians grew at the same time. like the Waldenses, but they sought from each other. differentiate, even if & # 382; the common enemy of these two religious groups of each other sbli & # 382; oval.
The Albigensians were inspired by the dualistic conception of light that spread from the Byzantine East. They emphasized the difference between good and evil, light and darkness. Matter and body were considered to be the doctrine for the good soul that Christ set free, but the catch is to be self-centered. he killed everything in the forest. Representatives took this very seriously, abstained from manhood, did not eat meat dishes outside of fish, or lived in poverty. . Others are about us. They cared in faith, and because of their ascetic style of life, they are more comfortable than "# 283;" mravn & # 283; fallen Catholics. They could not reconcile themselves with Christ's incarnation or with the Old Testament Lord's interest in this light. They considered God from the Old Testament to be evil, responsible for the material world. You are then for us. he was the god of the good soul.
After two years, when the teachings of the Albigensians flooded Gasko and the Toulouse region, he was convened at the Albi Synod. It did not result from us. that strict dualism, but only the extreme emphasis on the New Testament. Exclusively The dualistic tendency between the Albigensian scholar Niketas from Cahradica and the Qatari scholar Marek brought. Both convened a large Qatari festival in France in Saint Félix de Caraman near Toulouse. Here, a movement was defined that helped help. a strong church structure and perhaps even its own, non-follow-up, ordained bishops.The Albigensians found support from the nobility, which opposed the disproportionate property of the church, especially on the estate of the Viscount. from Béziers. The representatives of Qatar themselves were considered safe and distinct. separated from other followers. It was possible to enter between the pure and the perfect only with the help of the order of utterance, which was a priest of the Spirit and exalted the ecclesiastical church. Furthermore, they rejected ecclesiastical laws, orders, epics, ecclesiastical cult, teachings on the sacraments, altars, images, images and did not worship the saints. They did not even acknowledge Christ's message in the body, because they considered the body to be evil and perverted in the same way. like sex. Pregnancy was a problem, and it was said that this was said to be the case. in the body of the cable, and so the country had not lived before. will be born. Suicide was considered heroic against a hated body. They despised what they called the maiden of Babylon, the bishops of the antichrist. They preached equality between a man and a woman.
In the 14th century, the reformer Jan Viklef, born in 1324 in the village of Viklef near York, worked in England. This educated scholastic and Oxford professor, who, among other things, translated into the English Bible, compared the church's proficiency with biblical norms, denied divine controversy. the papacy, rejected indulgences, the worship of the image, the secular government of the Church, demanded secularization, a return to spiritual activity, and a life of poverty. ;. He adhered to the philosophy of pantheism, where everything was God. In his main work The Trialogue writes: "All nature is B & # 367; ha every creature is B & # 367; h; or what is in God in thought is B & # 367; h alone, but the idea is B & # 367; h and can be said, & # 382; ei donkey is B & # 367; h. "
Viklef's learning, along with humor, has secured him many followers. and adherents who, after his death, were called the Lollards and preached the evangelical truth as itinerant preachers. Thanks to & # 269; Czech students & # 367; at Oxford and also contact & # 367; with England, thanks for the wedding & # 283; sisters of Wenceslas IV. and King Richard II of England, learning lollard & # 367; it also reached the Czech lands, where it had a great influence on domestic reformers (Jeroným Pra & # 382; ský, Jan Hus). Viklef's ideas even caused a split at the University of Prague, Wenceslas IV. declared heretic and therefore forbidden to study.
In 1179, the 3rd Lateran Council was held in France with the aim of mobilizing forces against heretics. Pape & # 382; Alexander III. against the Albigensians in 1181 initiated trials into their & # 382; & # 269; ela built it & # 382; through the inquisitions of the consecrated Abbot Henry Marcy of Clairvaux, promoted to Bishop of Alban. To arms & # 283; the Catholic engraving of Provence and Langhuedoc was then called to besiege the heretical fortress of Lavaur. Valdés sought to defend the authenticity of his teachings and to distinguish the difference between Waldensianism and Albigensianism. Elsewhere, however, they were not very interested in their differences, and he sought to articulate his folk sermons. Elsewhere in the ideal of the Church, he lived in the government of the government. and the Waldenses were therefore still under surveillance. In 1209, numerous ranks of engravings, subjects, peasants, were assembled. a m & # 283; š & # 357; an & # 367; to the expedition & # 283; against kaci & # 345; & # 367; m. (It is said that 20,000 cavalrymen and ten times as many pedestrians took part in the expedition.) They marched through the Rhone Valley to the south of Albigen. First there was the siege of the fortress and the fortified city of Béziers, its residents refused to issue caches and societies. gathered to resist the enemy. After the attack on the city, the city moved to the Cathedral of St. She has Magdalena. It soon turned into a bloody bath, when there were not even seven children, children or the elderly, of whom there were about seven. thousand. The massacre continued with the burning of the entire city and the deaths of the people. 20,000 & # 367; resident.The people then continued on to the fortress of Carcassonne, which fell within a few weeks. The attackers were encouraged to fight much more ruthlessly and mercilessly, or more ruthlessly, or. heresy was marked as worse than paganism; Whoever killed a duck must have the highest place in heaven. Pape & # 382; Innocent III. he also authorized the Norman engraving of Simon of Montfort, who still received a large number of holy warriors to help. He cannot arrest but kill, thus initiating an uncompromising extermination process. Simon conquered the castle in Braun in 1210, but did not kill anyone else - he had them cut off their ears and pricked up. He left an eye on one to lead the others to the Cabaret, where they could bring bases & # 328; bo & # 382; í. The garrison of the besieged and conquered Minerva Castle was gathered in the meadow and burned without trial. Simon then continued to Lavaur, where 80 engravings were burned, counted by the Earl. Roger and his devotional nurse set up. The remaining 400 civilians & # 367; was also & # 283; & # 382; burned and pape & # 382; Simon was described by these "courageous Christian enthusiasts". A year later, the Pope and Simon the Earth.
Differences between heretics also arose, and so did Waldensian. The possibility of disputations and popular proclamations ended them, they were pushed to the margins by the Inquisition and the hunts for heresy. It was best in the alpine valleys of Savoie and Piedmont. The Albigensians were so decimated that they ceased to exist practically as a mass phenomenon.
Literature:
1) de Rosa, P .: Temné pape & # 382; ství, Praha 1997
2) Goll, J .: Chelic and Unity, Prague 1916
3) Molnár, A .: Valdenští, Prague 1991
4) Váchal, J .: The Church and the Fools (History of Sectarianism and Delusion), Prague 2000
