Spychalski, Marian

Marszałek Polski Marian Spychalski


Marian Spychalski was born on June 6, 1906 in Łódzi, the son of Józef and Franciszki Leśkiewicz. In 1926 he graduated from the Municipal Gimnazjum Męskie im. Józef Piłsudski, after 1926–1931 he studied at the Faculty of Architecture of the Warsaw University of Technology, where in 1931 he graduated as an architect engineer. During his studies, he was associated with the revolutionary movement - from 1929 he was a member of the Association of Youth Socialists "Życie". He was a co-organizer of the Association of Professional Workers of the Construction Industry, united by the government for the work of revolutionary work. In 1931 he remained a member of the Communist Party of Poland.


In the years 1931–1932 he was the designer in the work of prof. Przybylskiego. After two years, he remained employed first in the urban planning department of the Planning Plan of the Municipal Assembly in Poznań (among others, he designed a cemetery on the street of Lutsk, belonging to the parish of St. John the Baptist in St. Warsaw and St. John's, In 1937 he remained a laureate of the Grand Prix in the field of architecture and urban planning in Paris. In the same year, he completed the position of director of the Department of the General Planning of the Stool in the Municipal Office in Warsaw (until 1942).



In the district of Hitler's occupation, he initially worked in the anti-fascist group "Radioul Radio", which has been present in the Association of the Walk of Wyzwoleńcz since the autumn of 1941. In 1942 he joined the Polish Workers' Party. He co-organized Gwardia Ludową and was the first head of her Staff (March - September 1942), and subsequently the deputy head of the Staff of Główny Ludwig - the head of the Department of Information (March 1943). He took part in the founding session of the Regional Council of the Nation. After the establishment of the People's Army, it was a member of its National Communion. He joined the KRN delegation, which joined the USSR in 1944 through the front line. He took part in the preparations for the convening of the Polish Committee of the National Assembly and in the work on the association of regular Polish branches in the USSR with the People's Army in the united Voivodeship of Poland.



On July 22, 1944, he remained a member of the National Communist Party of the WP, and a week later - the head of the General Staff of the WP (until 31 August 1944). In September 1944, he went to the office of the President of the City of St. Warsaw, at the same time the President of the Warsaw National Council. At the beginning of 1945, it was called in the composition of the Political Bureau of KC PPR. On March 2, 1945, he returned to the military service of the army, appointed by the representative of the National Commander WP ds. political-educational. From March 30, 1945, until May 1, 1949, he served as Deputy Secretary of State at the Ministry of National Defense, and from February 14, 1946, he remained Vice-Secretary of the National Defense (until April 4, 1949).



In 1947 he was selected to send to the Sejm Ustawodawczego RP. In 1948 he was a delegate to the Congress of the Unified PPR and PPS, which remained selected for the member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the PZPR. On May 4, 1949, he moved to work in the state administration, embracing the office of the Minister of Construction, and in May they - the office of the Minister of Construction.


In November 1949, all partisan and state functions were abolished for the purpose of unjustified consecrations, and from 7 December 1949 they were released to the reserve. He also worked briefly as an architect at the Wrocław building. On October 1951, the messenger's immunity was abolished. In the years 1951–1955 - they were not bound under the heading of “deviation of the legal-nationalist”.


In March 1956 they were released from prison, rehabilitated, and in the pastor of the same year at the VIII Plenum of the Central Polish Committee of the United Workers' Party selected for a member of the KC PZPR (until 1971). On October 24, 1956, he remained the head of the Main Directorate of the Political WP and the vice-minister of the National Defense, and on November 13 of that year he succeeded the office of the Minister of the National Defense (until 10 April 1968). In the years 1959–1970 he was a member of the Political Bureau of the CC PZPR. On April 22, 1961, the Academy of the General Staff closed. On 7 October 1963, the Council of the Council of the PRL seized the footsteps of the Polish Marshal.


From March 1959 to December 1970 he was a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the PZPR.In the years 1968-1970, he administered the authority of the Governing Council of the PRL State, and also the Chairman of the General Committee of the Union of the People's Front (1968-1971). From 1957 to 1972 he was a member of the Sejm.


He died on June 7, 1980, and was buried at the Wojsk Cemetery in Powązek in Warsaw.


Żonaty z Barbarą ze Skrzypczyków - teacher, had two girls: Anna and Małgorzata.



Author of publication pt .: Początek walki. Fragments of memories (Warszawa 1983), and also co-author of the publishing house: Armia Radziecka yesterday and today (Warszawa 1948) and Teodor Duracz (Warszawa 1948).


Awanse: major - 1943, lieutenant colonel - July 1, 1944, colonel - November 11, 1944, brigadier general - February 1, 1945, division general - May 22, 1945, broni general - July 22, 1957, March of Poland - October 7, 1963.


Marked, among others: Cross of the Military Military Order of the Order, Military Order of the Grunwald Cross II, III and IV classes, Order of the Polish People's Order, Order of the Labor and Class Order, Commander's Cross with the Polish Variety Order of the Polish Order, and the Golden Cross of the Holy Cross State and military markings, as well as orders of participating States.
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