CZK - STROP II

30mm ShPLK STROP II
TECHNICAL DÁTA

Dľžka - 9900 mm
Šírka - 2950 mm
Height - 3300 mm
Rázvor - 1650mm + 3150 mm + 1450mm
Engine - Tatra T3-930-52
Volume - 19 000 ccm
Power - 265 kW
Rychlosť - 100 km/h
Ráž kanóna - 30mm
Effective dostrel kanóna - 3 km
Dalšia armament - 2x PLRS
Dostrel PLRS - 4.5 km.
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30mm ShPLK CEILING II


The project of a self-propelled anti-aircraft 30 mm cannon Ceiling II was created in the mid 80s as an intended replacement for vz.53/59 PLDvK "Ješterka" on the chassis Praga V3S. Concrete development began in 1987. The rotating tower is located on an armored chassis T815 VP 31 29 265 8x8.1R with the engine at the rear. Its serial production, despite the fact that it was modern at the time, never took place.
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CEILING II


This project is a continuation of the project CEILING. The development took place again in the Slavičín research center. The project itself was presented at the second year of IDET. But then the state was divided and this joint project became the property of both the ACR and the ASR. Both armies owned one functional prototype and subjected it to their tests and further improvements. In Slovakia, the development resulted in the system BRAMS, unfortunately the development did not continue in our country, only the Pilsen-based Škoda tried to develop a project [ url=/viewtopic.php/t/12561] Styx[/url].


ShPLK CEILING was to replace the considerably obsolete 30 mm PLDvK vz.53/59 and partly also 57 mm PLK. The funds were calculated for both all-army units and air defense units, as well as for air defense units of ČSLA airports. The device was to form one of the main sets of our air defense.


ČSLA's request was for a self-propelled anti-aircraft set that would be able to destroy all types of air targets located on a possible battlefield up to a height of 3000 meters and a distance of 4000 meters (relative to the mid-1980s, the maximum speed of air targets up to 450 m was considered). /with). ShPLK CEILING II was also to enable the destruction of airborne landings and fixed and mobile lightly armored ground targets up to a distance of 2000 meters.


Combat use of the set was assumed with good optical visibility, from a stationary vehicle. In the future, modernization was envisaged, which was to extend the applicability of ShPLK even in poor visibility and night time, but what is significant - even while driving. The reaction time of the set (time from the moment the target was captured by the sight until the moment of firing) was set at a maximum of 6 seconds, while it was necessary to repeat the dose to the same target within 1 second.
ShPLK cabins were to protect the three-member operator against the effects of small arms and WMD. At the same time, when the requirements for the ShPLK were formulated, the logistical provision of operator training and material supply was also specified. Logistics was to be implemented by a new ammunition vehicle, a mobile workshop and the creation of appropriate sets of spare parts (only an ammunition vehicle was implemented, from which a vehicle was later developed TATRAPAN).


The training tools were developed in parallel with ShPLK. It was a classroom and field simulator, including the relevant software, while the field simulator was directly integrated in ShPLK CEILING. The operator of the 30 mm ShPLK CEILING was considered to have three members, and a total of four workplaces were required for it. Two workplaces (driver and commander) were located in the chassis cabin and two workplaces (commander and shooter-operator) in the turret. The commander had two workplaces - the workplace in the cabin of the landing gear occupied during the move, when firing at short stops he could control the activities of the entire anti-aircraft set from this workplace, the workplace in the tower commander occupied when conducting combat operations in defense, when longer movements ShPLK were not expected. Furthermore, unification requirements were set, especially for the weapon system and chassis. The chassis was unified with TATRA T-815 off-road trucks introduced in the Czechoslovak Army, modified as a chassis of a self-propelled cannon howitzer vz.77 DANA.


Unlike ShKH DANA, the T-815 wheel chassis was modified by removing the rear hydraulic support, reworking the hydraulic support system and replacing the original ball track for the so-called cross roller bearing (more suitable for mounting a tower equipped with an automatic weapon), the equipment of the commander's hatch with an observation device TKN-3B.


A weapon superstructure consisting of a turret and a chassis superstructure was placed on the chassis modified in this way.The weapon system was to use ammunition introduced in the then Warsaw Pact. Therefore, for the ShPLK CEILING II was required to use a 30 mm automatic cannon 2A38. This double-barreled automatic cannon of Soviet (now Russian) provenance is characterized by a high rate of fire (around 2000 rounds/min) at a relatively low dead weight (including 210 kg of coolant). The 30x165 ammunition used in it is widely used in all weapon systems of Soviet/Russian provenance. A certain disadvantage of this ammunition has its roots in its versatility, muzzle velocity 960 m/s is very favorable from the point of view of aircraft and helicopters, still acceptable for BVP, but for the needs of PL cannons at their firing distances and at a given missile weight 30x165 (0.389 kg) this speed is low. This is reflected in the reduced effectiveness of PL firing at greater distances. Another disadvantage of the 2A38 cannon is the fact that it is not designed to use two types of ammunition with the possibility of their operational interchangeability (so-called dual feed), which somewhat reduced the combat value of ShPLK CEILING when used against strike helicopters and lightly armored ground targets. A total of 1,400 rounds of ammunition were carried on the vehicle for the cannon, of which 560 were placed in the standby position in the turret, the rest (840 pieces) were placed in three transport - charging containers on the chassis platform.


To increase the effectiveness of fire on air targets located at distances above 3000 meters, or at altitudes above 2500 meters, ShPLK CEILING II was equipped with self-guiding anti-aircraft missiles 9M313 (PLRK Igla-1). However, the use of these missiles was limited by the maximum target speed of 360 m/s. The advantage of using missiles 9M313 is after launch an independent flight of the missile (launch and forget), high probability of hitting the target and low weight of the missile. The disadvantages of these missiles are as well as their advantages in their construction and dimensions: the thermal guidance warhead is very sensitive to external conditions, especially the ratio of the target's radiation intensity and its natural background (which may prevent the missile from firing or shorten the range of its thermal guidance warhead). the missile is more sensitive to interference from the thermal radiation of the target.


The low weight of the missile and a certain share of the thermal warhead on its weight also results in the low weight of the warhead of the missile, which reduces its effectiveness in the target and prevents the effective use of a contactless igniter. These missiles require a longer preparation time for launch compared to guided missiles (reaction time) and their maximum range is the range of their homing warhead, which means that the maximum range of destruction of the target on arrival will always be lower (depending on the speed of the target). The relatively higher price of the rocket (compared to a guided rocket) is not negligible either. Over time, it is possible to evaluate the suitability of the choice of these self-propelled PL missiles. After considering all the pros and cons of the PL missile set Igla-1 it can be stated that the object size, significance and power of the barrel ShPLK CEILING II armaments, these missiles were not very suitable (would be significantly more suitable guided missiles with greater range), but other PL missiles were not available for mounting on ShPLK CEILING II and so the missile 9M313 was the only possible solution at the time. Two single launchers of these missiles were integrated on the ShPLK CEILING II, while a total of 4 9M313 missiles were carried on the vehicle. The integration of PL missiles 9M313 and 30 mm automatic cannon 2A38 into one weapon system created a so-called hybrid anti-aircraft set, which could arrive up to a distance of 2500 to 3000 meters to effectively use an automatic cannon, from this distance up to 4500 m (5000 m on departure) under favorable conditions was more appropriate to use PL missiles 9M313.


Another part of the weapon system was a 7.62 mm machine gun coupled with a cannon, which was designed to fight enemy airdrops and to defend itself against unarmoured targets and manpower within a distance of 2 km. In accordance with the unification requirements, a machine gun PKT with a stockpile of 2000 pieces of ammunition was chosen. fire. The efficiency of the whole set depends on it to a decisive extent. The fire control system (SRP) of a modern anti-aircraft set in a broader sense includes subsystems of integration of the set to a higher level of command, subsystems for determining their own position and orientation, air situation survey subsystems, aiming subsystems, IFF subsystem (formerly NRZ), SRP computers, sensors of various quantities and actuators. Systemically, SŘP ShPLK CEILING II at the time of its inception was fully comparable with the then known state-of-the-art fire control systems designed for PL cannons. It included an automated data connection with a superior (due to the requirement of compatibility with other VS armies, however, with a small capacity of transmitted data, which were determined with low accuracy, which was not a ShPLK CEILING II error), which was connected via central computer with inertial toponavigation.

The original Czech invention - a passive radar (similar to the well-known TAMARY) was used as a subsystem for air situation research. This subsystem (hereinafter referred to as PRUS) consisted of two other subsystems, namely the surveillance (PRUS-P), which had a full-circle antenna on the retractable mast and was used for initial information about the direction from which the enemy aircraft arrives and the aiming subsystem (PRUS -Z), which overlapped the range of PRUS-P and was able to focus this target in both azimuth and elevation. The PRUS-Z was placed on a sighting tower (along with a TV sight and laser rangefinder) and was able to locate the target with sufficient accuracy to be captured by the TV sight. In addition to this function, the PRUS subsystem could also fulfill the role of passive foreign identification device (IFF), because based on the comparison of the information about the nature of RL radiation of the actual target with the information stored in the SRP computer, it was able to evaluate the type of aircraft detected. only provided that the enemy would be armed with other types of aircraft than the Air Force itself).


A monochrome CCD camera in conjunction with a powerful laser rangefinder was used as the aiming subsystem. Both subsystems were again completely and fundamentally developed in Czechoslovakia, only one imported component was used for the CCD camera. The aiming subsystem, which also included the above-mentioned PRUS-Z, was placed on a tilting and rotating aiming tower, which was located on the ceiling of the turret, ie it was a dependent aiming system 1PZ-3 located on the turret (taken from [url = http : //forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/t/10482] BVP-2[/url]), which served as an alternative search for the target in a functional SRP, or in the event of a failure SRP could serve as an optical sight for emergency shooting . Using a sight 1PZ-3 was fired from a machine gun PKT (the machine gun was not connected to SRP). The subsystem of our active foreign identification device (IFF) was taken from the portable anti-aircraft missile set Igla-1 (code KREMNIJ). However, it was possible to mount another type of IFF on the set, as IFF formed a relatively separate subsystem. The SRP computer integrated all subsystems of the set into one unit - the fire control system. Like other subsystems of the set, it was completely developed and manufactured in Czechoslovak industry. It was a multiprocessor computer (created in 2.mid 80s) !! Unfortunately, the technological possibilities of our electronics industry lagged behind the world level (which was most pronounced in the field of computers), so the computer of the set, moreover, during the relatively long development of the CEILING II set obsolete, proved to be satisfactory inadequate.


The computer of the set was equipped with three terminals (covering two workplaces of the commander, one workplace of the shooter - operator). The main task of the SRP computer of the CEILING II set was (apart from the integration of all SRP elements as their peripherals into one unit) the calculation of firing elements. This calculation includes measuring the flight path of the target, predicting the position of the target, calculating the external ballistics of the projectile and converting the results to commands for servomotors, which then turn the cannon in the calculated direction in azimuth and elevation. The complexity of this calculation stands out if we realize that the whole calculation must take place in real time and the maximum speed of the target is up to 450 m/s. The sensors provide the SRP computer with information that it uses to calculate the firing elements, resp. for the implementation of these elements. These sensors in the ShPLK CEILING II measured the static and dynamic tilt of the vehicle, the muzzle velocity of the projectile, the angular rotations of the turret and aiming tower, rocket launchers and cannon. All sensors except the muzzle velocity sensor, which was part of the imported cannon, apartments developed by the domestic industry. Servo drives are an important subsystem of every modern PLK, because they are used to implement the calculated elements of fire. The accuracy of firing and the dynamic properties of the entire weapon system depend on the quality of the servo drives. ShPLK CEILING II was equipped with five actuators, which ensured the movement of the turret in the measurement, the movement of the cannon and anti-aircraft missile launchers in the elevation, and the movement of the aiming tower in the measurement and elevation. The drives were designed as alternating with three-phase brushless motors driven by permanent magnets. Each motor was powered and controlled from a separate inverter, which produced three-phase alternating current from a 300 V DC supply current. The motor speed was controlled by modulating the frequency of this current. Each engine had a built-in electromechanical brake, rotor position sensor, tachogenerator and temperature sensor. The ShPLK CEILING II actuators were also completely developed by the domestic industry and achieved very good parameters. Another important subsystem of ShPLK CEILING II (closely related to SRP) was fasteners. These means can be divided into means of internal and external connection. The R124 tank intercom served as a means of internal communication. The R173 radio station and the R173P receiver, which served for the data transmission of the air situation from the superior, served as means of external connection. The radio station was located in the turret at the commander's workplace. Furthermore, the ShPLK CEILING II was equipped with an output for a telephone double line for a line connection with a superior stage.


An important and extensive subsystem of ShPLK CEILING II was the source system and distribution of electricity. energy to the individual subsystems. The power supply system of the set consisted of three networks: a. Primary network 3x 230V/50Hz from which the air conditioning was powered and two other networks (300V/dc and 24V/dc) were derived from it. The source for this network was a generator 3x 230V/50Hz with an output of 12 kVA, which was firmly built into the chassis superstructure. Its control was possible either from the external panel or from the workplace of the vehicle driver. When operating the set within range of three-phase el. It was possible to use an external source with a protective isolating transformer instead of the power plant of the set. b.30 V/dc network, from which the power circuits of all servomotors were supplied. This voltage was obtained by rectifying from the primary network with a bridge rectifier. c. 24 V/dc network, from which the SRP subsystems, connecting means, filter ventilation, heating and all other auxiliary subsystems were supplied.The source for this network were two 12v/180 Ah batteries connected in series, after switching on the primary network charged by a 5kVA charger, while the main engine of the vehicle was running, then charged by the vehicle's charging system T-815.


The radiation detection and indication system (SDIO) was designed to detect and indicate laser irradiation of the ShPLK object. The set was equipped with a total of 5 SDIO sensors (4 for sectors of 90 °, one for detection of radiation from above. The final development workplace was Konstrukta Trenčín, but due to the complexity of the set it was not realistic to manage such a complex project with one workplace and it was necessary to involve other specialized workplaces in the work on individual subsystems:
ZVS VVÚ Brno-lafetace main weapons
Research Institute of Computer Science Žilina - computer resources
Tesla Kolín - laser rangefinder
Křižík Prague - television sight camera
Tesla Orava - television monitor
Tesla Pardubice - PRUS
MEZ Brno - servosystems
LARM Netolice - angular rotation sensors
Research Institute of Air Conditioning Prague - filter ventilation and air conditioning equipment




Source:
1) Marčík, L. + Martinec, J: CEILING II, ATM 7/1997, pp. 22-24, ISSN 1210-2849
2) Marčík, L. + Martinec, J: CEILING II, ATM 8/1997, pp. 18-21, ISSN 1210-2849
3) Marčík, L. + Martinec, J: CEILING II, ATM 9/1997, pp. 24-27, ISSN 1210-2849
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From this year's Anti-Aircraft Day in Lešany...
CZK - STROP II - STROP II při (neúspěšném) nájezdu na kopec

STROP II při (neúspěšném) nájezdu na kopec
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own photo, Lešany
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