Německý řád / Bratři německého řádu Panny Marie v Jeruzalémě

Deutscher Orden / Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem

The German Order (full name Brothers of the German Order of the Virgin Mary in Jerusalem)


la.: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum
de.: Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem



One of the oldest and, apart from the Knights Templar and the Knights of Malta, the most powerful ecclesiastical military community in the history of Europe and perhaps the world.


The Order originated in the 12th century in the Kingdom of Jerusalem (now Palestine and part of Israel). Its symbol became the now famous German cross (a black heraldic cross in a white field). Early in its existence it was involved in forays into the Holy Land, but it was the Order of the Knights Templar that played a rather dominant role there. The German Order was the biggest player in the North-East of Europe - especially in the Baltic States. Most of the Order's seats were located in Germany, of course, but also in Italy, Southern Greece, Austria, and France, among others. In the territory of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the now defunct Prussia, he even built a religious state (the German Order State). In this territory the Order performed its "educational" function, i.e. spread Christianity among the pagan Prussians and Slavs. Other great kingdoms were founded on its ruins. This, however, was naturally preceded by its demise. In the 14th and early 15th centuries, there were a series of revolts against the Order, led by the princes, mainly from Lithuania and Poland, which were de facto subordinate entities. The most famous of these were perhaps Vytautas and Jagello. The most famous and absolutely crushing defeat at the Battle of Grunwald was the fatal blow to the Order. In the north of the territory, another Order State, Terra Mariana, was established, which was ruled by a smaller Order of Livonian Knights. There was already a Lithuanian Principality on the territory of Lithuania, which after the fall of the Order State gained more territory and was soon promoted to Grand Duchy. In the south there was a very large German population, which the Order brought with them as part of the colonisation of the territory. The Principality of Prussia was then established on this territory, which was the nucleus of the future most powerful German state and the best fighting army in Europe with the best generals. However, this territory was never fully incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire. After the defeat and demise of the Order, the Order never again attempted any significant involvement in political events anywhere in the world, thus beginning its humanitarian work.


After Albrecht of Brandenburg accepted the Lutheran Reformation in 1525, thus making Prussia a Protestant state, the Order was forced to move its headquarters elsewhere. This became Mergentheim in Württemberg. This act had, among other things, partly influenced the fact that many of the Grand Masters of the Order came from the Habsburg dynasty until the First World War.


In the 18th and 19th centuries the Order was on the verge of collapse. It had lost a considerable amount of property. The French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte, ordered the dissolution of the Order. After the fall of Napoleon, the Order was restored, but it was purely hospital, and all that remained from its military days was the name and titles of its members.


The Order has been active on Czech territory since about the 15th century. It founded schools and orphanages or hospitals. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia, the Order was deprived of several lands and residences. However, it continued to work here in the education of Catholic youth. During the occupation and the existence of the Protectorate, all remaining buildings owned by the Order were confiscated by the Nazi armed forces. In fact, the Nazi regime did not officially recognize the existence of the Order, although paradoxically it used its symbolism - the Iron Cross. The Iron Cross had previously been a military decoration in the Royal Prussian Army, and later in the armies of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. And to this day it is still the symbol of the Bundeswehr. In 1945, when Czechoslovakia was restored, the Order was returned to its pre-war material possessions. In 1948, however, a communist coup took place, which meant the end of the Order on our territory for 40 years. At that time, the Order moved its headquarters from Bruntál to Vienna, where it is still based today. After the Velvet Revolution, the property was returned to the Order, but no longer in its pre-48 state. To this day, the Order is still in litigation with the Czech Republic over the restitution of property, including Bouzov Castle. Currently, both the male and female branches of the Order are active in the Czech Republic.


STRUCTURE


The Order consists of a male branch, the German Order, and a female branch, the Sisters of Charity of Our Lady of Jerusalem. Each branch is divided into provinces, headed by a Provincial/Provincial Superior. The Provinces cover the territory of the State in which they are located. Each province then brings together the various institutions that the branch operates. In the case of the male branch, these are monasteries, schools (the Ecclesiastical Gymnasium of the German Order in Olomouc (interesting fact - a private company!). In the case of the women's branch, there are monasteries, hospices and various smaller social institutions. In Germany and Austria, of course, there is a much larger number of these institutions, but with the same composition. The Order is also active in Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. In the Czech Republic, the leadership of both branches is based in Opava. The head of the order is not the Grand Master (Grossmeister) as in most orders, but the High Master (Hochmeister), who is based in Vienna. There is a representative of the Order in the Vatican.
Overview of the Seats: Akkon (Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1192-1291), Venice (1291-1309), Marienburg (German Order, 1309-1466), Königsberg (Königsberg, now Kaliningrad, German Order State, former East Prussia, now Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation, 1466-1525), Mergentheim (Württemberg, 1525-1809), Vienna (Austria-Hungary, 1809-1918, [i::in the years of occupation 1938-1945 the order de facto did not exist due to Nazi repressions), since 1948 in Vienna.


OVERVIEW OF HIGH MASTERS



  1. Master Sibrand 1190-1198
  2. Gerhard 1192-?
  3. Prior Heinrich 1193-1194
  4. Ulrich 1190-1198
  5. Heinrich I. Walpot von Bassenheim 1198-1200
  6. Otto von Kerpen 1200-1206
  7. Heinrich II. von Tunna 1206-1209
  8. Hermann von Salza 1209-1239
  9. Konrad I. von Thüringen 1239-1240
  10. Gerhard von Malberg 1241-1244
  11. Heinrich III. von Hohenlohe 1244-1249
  12. Gunther von Wüllersleben 1249-1252
  13. Poppo von Osterna 1253
  14. Hanno von Sangershausen 1257-1274
  15. Hartmann von Helbrungen 1274-1283
  16. Burkhard von Schwanden 1283-1290
  17. Konrad II von Feuchtwangen 1290-1297
  18. Gottfried von Hohenlohe 1297-1302
  19. Siegfried von Feuchtwangen 1302-1310
  20. Karl Bessart von Trier 1311-1324
  21. Werner von Orselen 1324-1330
  22. Lothar von Braunschweig 1331-1335
  23. Dietrich von Altenburg 1335-1341
  24. Ludolf Konig von Wattzau 1342-1345
  25. Heinrich IV. Dusener von Arfberg 1345-1351
  26. Winrich von Kniprode 1351-1382
  27. Konrad III. Zollner von Rothstein 1382-1390
  28. Konrad IV. von Wallenrode 1391-1393
  29. Konrad V. von Jungingen 1393-1407
  30. Ulrich von Jungingen 1407-1410
  31. Heinrich V. von Plauen 1410-1413
  32. Michael Kuchenmeister von Sternburg 1414-1422
  33. Paul Belenzer von Ruszdorf 1423-1440
  34. Konrad VI. von Erlichshausen 1441-1449
  35. Ludwig von Erlichshausen 1450-1467
  36. Heinrich Vi. von Reuss 1467-1470
  37. Heinrich VII. von Richtenberg 1470-1477
  38. Martin Truchsetz von Wetzhausen 1477-1489
  39. Johann von Tiefen 1489-1497
  40. Friedrich von Sachsen 1497-1510
  41. Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach 1510-1525
  42. Walter von Cronberg 1527-1543
  43. Wolfgang Schutzbar 1543-1566
  44. Georg Hudt von Weckhelm 1566-1572
  45. Heinrich VIII. von Bobenhausen 1572-1590
  46. Maximilian of Austria 1590-1618
  47. Charles I of Habsburg 1619-1624
  48. Johann Eustach von Westernach 1625-1627
  49. Johann Kaspar I von Stadion 1627-1641
  50. Leopold William of Austria 1641-1662
  51. Charles Joseph of Austria 1662-1664
  52. Johann Kaspar II von Ampringen 1664-1684
  53. Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg 1685-1694
  54. Franz Ludwig of Neuburg 1694-1732
  55. Clement August of Bavaria 1732-1761
  56. Karl Alexander of Lorraine 1761-1780
  57. Maximilian Franz of Austria 1780-1801
  58. Karl Ludwig of Austria-Teschen 1801-1804
  59. Antonín Victor of Austria 1804-1835
  60. Maximilian Joseph of Austria 1835-1863
  61. William of Austria-Tesina 1863-1894
  62. Eugene of Austria-Tesina 1894-1923
  63. Norbert Jan Nepomucky Klein 1923-1933
  64. Paul Heider 1933-1936
  65. Robert Schälzly 1936-1948
  66. Marian Tumler 1948-1970
  67. Ildefons Pauler 1970-1988
  68. Arnold Othmar Wieland 1988-2000
  69. Bruno Platter since 2000




SOURCES:
www.wikipedie.org

self-study materials
Německý řád / Bratři německého řádu Panny Marie v Jeruzalémě - prapor Německého řádového státu a také samotného řádu v dobách jeho výbojů ve Svaté zemi a pobaltí

prapor Německého řádového státu a také samotného řádu v dobách jeho výbojů ve Svaté zemi a pobaltí
Německý řád / Bratři německého řádu Panny Marie v Jeruzalémě - současný znak  ŘáduNěmeckých rytířů

současný znak ŘáduNěmeckých rytířů
Německý řád / Bratři německého řádu Panny Marie v Jeruzalémě - současný znak vysokých mistrů

současný znak vysokých mistrů
Německý řád / Bratři německého řádu Panny Marie v Jeruzalémě - znaky vysokých mistrů

znaky vysokých mistrů
Německý řád / Bratři německého řádu Panny Marie v Jeruzalémě - znaky vysokých mistrů

znaky vysokých mistrů
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Nemecky-rad-Bratri-nemeckeho-radu-Panny-Marie-v-Jeruzaleme-t194876#561229 Version : 0
I don't know if the Czech full name of the order is the most correct. On its official website, the Order lists the name Order of Brothers and Sisters of the German House of Our Lady in Jerusalem.

Sources: http://www.nemeckyrad.cz/
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Nemecky-rad-Bratri-nemeckeho-radu-Panny-Marie-v-Jeruzaleme-t194876#561274 Version : 0
The official name of the current order is the Order of Brothers and Sisters of the German House of the Virgin Mary in Jerusalem (Haus der Ritter des Hospitals Sankt Marien der Deutschen zu Jerusalem), abbreviated as the German Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden, Latin Ordo Theutonicus) for the male branch and the Sisters of Charity of the Virgin Mary of Jerusalem for the female branch.
cs.wikipedia.org
URL : https://www.valka.cz/Nemecky-rad-Bratri-nemeckeho-radu-Panny-Marie-v-Jeruzaleme-t194876#561280 Version : 0
Discussion post Fact post
Attachments

Join us

We believe that there are people with different interests and experiences who could contribute their knowledge and ideas. If you love military history and have experience in historical research, writing articles, editing text, moderating, creating images, graphics or videos, or simply have a desire to contribute to our unique system, you can join us and help us create content that will be interesting and beneficial to other readers.

Find out more