A gun built Sergei Ivanovich Mosin (1849-1902), an officer of the tsarist army, later the worker in tulsa's small arms factory and in 1891 was introduced into the armament of the Russian army as a "tříčárková rifle model 1891" (trechlinějnaja vintovka obrazca 1891 goda). The concept of "tříčárková" referred to the caliber of the weapon. The comma was staroruská unit of measurement and equal to 2.54 mm (i.e., 1/10 of the imperial inches). Three dashes meant, 7.62 mm.
In the tsarist army was the rifle model 1891 introduced in four variants:
1 – since 1891 infantry rifle (length 1306 mm)
2 – from the year 1893 dragounská rifle (length 1238 mm, lighter by 0.3 kg, nadpažbí extended up under the visor)
3 – since 1894 cossack rifle (identical with dragounskou, but nastřelena without bodáku)
4 – since 1907 carbine for technical kinds of troops (the length of 1016 mm, nastřelena without bodáku)
The first significant changes to the design were made in 1908. Imposed is the introduction of the modernised hub zahrocenou the tip of a bullet (in the meantime, it was rounded) and higher ballistic values (muzzle velocity increased from 620 m/s to 860 m/s). Modified was the attachment of the carrier belt(dies in the stock instead of the metal loops on the top of the sleeve and the cartridge box) and was added nadpažbí. On this standard have been adapted and weapons, made before 1908.
Another change occurred in 1910, when it was adjusted the visor to match the ballistic parameters of the modernised hub. According to the creator of this staring called Konovalovo.
In 1922 it was in the soviet Russia decided to introduce a single rifle system Mosin based rifle dragounské. And already in 1924 it was decided on its modernization. The changes are mainly related to the sights. The visor was newly calibrated in meters (earlier in the aršínech; 1 aršín = 71 cm) in the range of 100-2000 m, muska got a new, prismatic, shape (formerly střechovitá) and mouthpiece. Amended were also the barrel clamp and fit bodáku, from which it was removed mouthpiece flies. The design was ready in 1927, in 1928 conducted troop tests, and in April 1930, the weapon was introduced into the armament of the Red army as a rifle model 1891/30. Another, rather technological, change occurred in 1936, when it was introduced a cylindrical sleeve conclusion instead of the current osmibokého. Other technological changes were made during the second world war. Weapons from this period are characterized by a thicker processing of parts and looser tolerances. Rifle vz. 1891/30 was in the thirties and the early forties of the main infantry weapons of the Red army. Produced until February 1944.
In 1932 on the basis of rifles vz. 1891/30 was created sniper rifle. Varied to handle the conclusion, which was now bent down, mounting the optics (either PE 4x magnification, or PU, with a 3.5 fold magnification) and narrowed to production tolerances.
In 1938 was established on the basis of the carbines from the vz. 1907 new weapon, which was in February 1939 introduced into the loadout as a carbine model of 1938. Compared to the model of 1907 was the new gun looks calibrated in meters and a new shot with chránítkem. It was used without bodáku.
In January 1944 was in the arsenal of the adopted structure N. With. Semina, carbine model 1944. The weapon was identical to the carbine vz. 1938 and differed with folding, neodnímatelným, bayonet.
After cleaning the military warehouses in the former Soviet union in the nineties and in our market appeared a large number of different variants of the rifle Mosin in prices from about 5 000 Czk for the vz.1891/30 or vz.1944, when after about 20 000 Czk for the sniper rifle in very good condition. Collectible rarest are rifles cossack.
Construction:
Mosin model 1891 is a repeating rifle with a cylindrical odsuvným the conclusion of system of Mosin, with two uzamykacími barbs. Matrix trigger assembly at the same time serves as a fuse. Bullets are stored in a central, neodnímatelné, single-row cartridge box. The visor is adjustable, set up for shooting with the bayonet (with the exception of rifles, cossack and carbines vz. 1907 and 1938).
Technical data:
see annex
Production:
In Russia, were the rifle Mosin manufactured in state zbrojovkách Tula, Izhevsk and Sestroreck. Cossack and dragounské rifles and carbines vz.1907 is produced only in Izhevsk. When production occurred, however, to technical difficulties and therefore was the production of rifles vz.1891 ordered in a French munitions factory in Chatellerault, where it was in the year 1895 made 503 589 weapons. In Russia it was the year 1903 total produced 2 964 484 rifles vz. 1891. The largest producer was the plant in Tula (Imperatorskij Tulskij oružejnyj race).
During the first world war were the Russian factory capable of ensuring the production of the required amount of weapons (including the acquisition of the american Winchester rifle, the japanese Arisaka, and in the arsenal of the tsarist army were not a rarity or an old jednoranné rifles Berdan 2) and, therefore, was the production of rifles vz. 1891 conferred on the american companies of Remington (over 800 000 pcs) and Westinghouse (over 750 000 pieces). After the November coup of 1917 (previously the parliament, oleksandr turchynov) was 280 000 rifles vz. 1891 in the united states seized and used for the training of reservists in the u.s. army. Mosiny american production alone are marked in the Latin alphabet.
The production of rifles vz. 1891/30 was carried out from 1930 until February 1944, carbine vz. 1938 was produced in the years 1939 to 1944. In total, in the years 1930 to 1943 produced over 14 million rifles Mosin, of which in the years 1938-1943, a total of 12.3 million weapons. Production carbines vz. 1944, since 1944 until the end of the 40. years.
The rifle Mosin was introduced and manufactured in Poland and Finland.
Rifle Mosin in Czechoslovakia:
Rifle Mosin vz.1891 accounted for the bulk of weaponry of the czechoslovak legions in Russia and with these weapons, the legionnaires and returned to the homeland. The second source were the warehouses of the former austro-Hungarian army, where were the captured guns in the original caliber, so even překomorované on the austrian charge 8x50R (same charge as for rifle Mannlicher vz.1895 – treatment were conducted by the arsenal in Vienna). In the years 1920-1921 in the state of the Czechoslovak army was located 13 thousand rifles Mosin. In 1936, there were at least 12 045 weapons sold to Finland.
With mosinovými rifles to our soldiers once again encountered during the second world war, when rifles vz. 1891/30, next to the self-loading rifles SVT-40, was armed with czechoslovak army corps in the USSR.
In the fifties of the 20. century was in Czechoslovakia introduced the production of modified sniper rifle Mosin, which was like a vz. 54 introduced into the armaments of the Czechoslovak army.
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Sources:
- And.B.Žuk – Rifles and submachine guns
- In.Dolínek, In.Francev, J.Shah – Weapons 1. and 2. world war
- In.Dolínek – Rifles Mosin, a Rifle magazine 4-7/2001
- US Army Ordnance Corps – Manual for Soviet Mosin-Nagant
- http://world.guns.ru
- www.mosin-nagant.net
- www.russianwarrior.com.