Prvá bitka pri St. Albans [1455]

Dlhoročné contradictions medzo two rozhodujúcimi klanmi English šľachty, but predovšetkým incompetent government kráľa Henry VI. priviedla English kráľovstvo to the brink of war. Before a fight during St. Albans nikto didn't know that sa is starting a bloody war that will trvať 30 years.

V apríli 1453 bol zvolaný parliament at Leicester, a bastion Lancasterovcov. York and Salisburyho again stopped volať on zasadnutia kráľovskej of the council. Bolo clear that this is not a normal zasadnutie parliament. Invitations were given iba York nepriatelia. York felt that this is pasca. The king came up to Leicester in the day otvorenia parliament. During the trip he was received posolstvo yorkistických gentlemen, ktorí sa sťažovali that boli vylúčení of lung removal of parliament and žiadali kráľa, that stripped away the zo summon near zradcov, as is Somerset. After that let's zvolaná real council zo všetkými significant šľachticmi, to ktorej would sa prerokovali súčasne contradictions. Ak king príjme ich posolstvo are willing to rozpustiť his retinue.

Zatiaľ what the king and the council rozmýšľali, what urobiť progressed Yorkova army about sil about 3000 mužov in the area of Hertfordshire. York messenger for kráľom ďalšie posolstvo. Again it uistil about summon vernosti, but žiadal spravodlivosť and odsúdenie Somerset. Nervózny monarch vymenoval for veliteľa kráľovskej of the army of the Buckingham and proceeded to St. Albans. To this city came kráľovská army 22. maya 1455. Both army sa set to combat.

Army oboch protivníkov malo roughly the same zloženie. Prevažovali lukostrelci, in pomere 6-10 on the one rfect person from another mobile!. Both sides have used podobnú tactics, so účinok lukostrelcov wasn't in the fight until too rozhodujúci. Started sa používať small arms. First of all small works and strelne of hand guns boli used to začiatku a fight with cieľom nalomiť opponent before rozhodujúcim stretom pechoty. The troops of the sa usually lined up against each other rozdelené into little parts – ľavé that flank, a center and right wing for. On pochode tieto oddiely tvorili predný themes, main themes, and container military For streľbe lukostrelcov fought aj šľachta väčšinou peši. Niekedy, you better stratégovia left malú jazdeckú deposit, given the occasional bolo possible must use the bypass, but väčšina vojvodcov fought konzervatívnym spôsobom and time. After úvodnej prestrelke sa zvyčajne obe army zrazili in the fight muža against the man.

In bitke pri St. Albans fought for kráľa these distinguished šľachtici: duke zo Somerset, the duke of Buckingham, Edmund Tudor knieža from Richmond, kniežatá of Northumberland, Wiltshire and Devon, lord Clifford and lord Dudley. On Yorkovej side fought kniežatá zo Salisbury and Warwick, and viscount of Bourchier. The king supported the väčšia part šľachty, but York mal using vojakov. And to his army came nepripojil the duke of Norfolk so your oddielmi.

Veliteľ kráľovej army believed that York lift his gun, eyes to the ruler. With the army vošiel to mestečka St. Albans. Barricade flanking the street and waited. Yorkova army sa zoradila those to the east of the city. The first skirmish of the war of roses sa began after the collapse of the vyjednávania. This time neither side neustúpila. Under eye svedkov bola fight when With. Albans before pouličnou zrážkou, given we won zväčša lukostrelci. The whole zrážka did not last nor pol hours.


The fight started útokom Warwickovych oddielov through the garden to the barricades, which blocked the entrance to the town. The attack was covered by strong streľbou Yorkovych lukostrelcov. Warwickove oddiely sa got to town and his lukostrelci started vražednú streľbu a close look at ' oddiely. Línia kráľovskej army sa started rozpadať. The city filled Yorkove the unit. Started sa the hunt for dôležitých nepriateľov. Veľké koruhvy šľachticov boli dostatočne a good identifikačným znakom. The Somerset was beaten before hradnou of the cantina. Lord of Clifford and knieža of Northumberland enjoy ich nepriatelia Nevillovci. Oboch ich found and killed. Kráľa found krvácať after the wound from the arrow in strede trhoviska. Second left him, like aj strážca his koruhvy. The duke of Buckingham was well captured. Kráľovská army sa rozutekala and York could zhodnotiť my first víťazstvo.

Sources:
Neillands, R.: The wars of the roses. Prague: Our army, 1992
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses
http://www.wars-of-the-roses.com/.